Safety_Series_041_1975 - gnssn - International Atomic Energy ...

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This publication is no longer valid Please see http://www.ns-iaea.org/standards/ 22 SECTION V routes and m ost suitable sam pling points. Rem ote c o m munication of such data is also helpful. Usually an ov era ll view of the general dim ensions of the incident is obtained by a sp ecia l team of field su rveyors equipped with m obile o r portable m easuring d evices. The rapid tran sm ission of in fo r mation and instructions is of great im portance, requ iring the use of radiocom m unication sets, such as 'w alk ie-talkie' type battery-operated sets. 5 26. Survey instrum ents fo r use in the field are intended to m easure d irect radiation from an installation o r the radiation em itted from airborn e o r air-d ep osited contam ination. They can be: - p ortable, battery-op erated type ca rried by person nel - m obile type, mounted in veh icle, a ircra ft or h elicopter. 527. A ll instrum ents used in em ergen cy surveys should be robust, reliable and sim ple to operate. They should be p eriod ica lly inspected and should be kept in good working ord e r at all tim es. Additional instrum ents of the sam e type should be held in readiness as there m ay be lo sses during use from physical damage o r from contam ination. 528. F o r certain types o f unplanned re le a se s , such as transport accid en ts, it m ay not be p ossible to plan a m onitoring p r o gram m e in advance. In such cases it m ay be n e ce ssa ry to rely on obtaining the serv ice s of a field su rvey team provided by an appropriate agency. Sampling 529. Follow ing the initial determ ination of the extent o f the contam inated area involved, sam ples should be taken fo r analysis to allow a m ore accurate evaluation of the situation. Such sam ples should be taken with p rop er precautions re fe rre d to under planned re le a ses. This is p a rticu larly difficult under em ergen cy situations and calls fo r sp ecia l attention, esp ecia lly fo r those related to sam ple identification. A nalysis 530. Special rapid m ethods of ch em ical analysis have been developed [3 ,6 , 12] that provide a means for obtaining separations that w ill provide resu lts of sufficient p re cisio n fo r the purposes of an em ergen cy survey. Care should be taken to prevent cross-con ta m in a tion of la b ora tories, equipment and sam ples.
This publication is no longer valid Please see http://www.ns-iaea.org/standards/ SECTION VI. IN TERPRETATION OF RESULTS OF MONITORING PROCEDURES 601. The resu lts o f an adequate environm ental m onitoring p r o gram m e can be interpreted in term s of the radiation dose receiv ed by individual m em bers of the public, the integrated dose receiv ed by the whole population within a selected region , and the dose receiv ed by other organ ism s in the environm ent, o r in term s of its effect on the environm ent itse lf. In interpreting the resu lts, due con sideration should be giv6n to the relia b ility of the data, taking into account the p re cisio n and a ccu ra cy of all the m onitoring p roced u res em ployed and the variability of the environm ent. DETERMINATION OF DOSES TO INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC FROM PLANNED RELEASES 602. The average radiation dose receiv ed by m em bers of the critic a l population group can be determ ined from the results of the su rvey m easurem ents in the c r itica l pathways using the relationships determ ined in the p reoperation al in vestigatio n s .2 603. It is appropriate to evaluate the exposure of individuals due to planned re le a se s from n orm al operations in term s of dose com m itm ent p er year of operation. H ow ever, in the case of continuous releases the annual dose received by individuals is a sa tisfa ctory m easure of the exposure situation. DETERMINATION OF DOSE TO THE WHOLE POPULATION WITHIN A SELECTED REGION FROM PLANNED RELEASES 604. If the num ber of individuals that m ay receiv e a significant dose is la rg e, it m ay be n ecessa ry to have an assessm en t of the total risk incurred by that large group. This m ay be done by a ssessin g the correspon din g collectiv e dose expressed in term s of the man •rads o r man •rem s [ 13]. 605. The p ra ctica l a ssessm en t of the collectiv e dose is com p a ra tively sim ple fo r the c r itica l group o f the population. When 2 S ectio n IV , p ara. 4 0 4 . 23
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