Safety_Series_041_1975 - gnssn - International Atomic Energy ...

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This publication is no longer valid Please see http://www.ns-iaea.org/standards/ 128 APPENDIX IV TABLE XXXII. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME AT HANFORD Item Frequency A nalysis Effluents Gaseous Liquids: Released to riv er Released to ground Environm ental m ed ia Air Su rfa ce w ater San itary w ater Ground w ater M ilk Fish G a m e birds O ther foodstuffs Sh ellfish Extern al dose Continuous W eek ly Continuous Batchw ise or daily W eek ly /b i - w eekly M onthly co m p o site Q u arterly co m p o site (T o ta l 4 2 lo catio n s) W eek ly to quarterly (3 lo catio n s up and dow n-stream o f P ro ject) W eek ly /m o n th ly (3 lo catio n s) M onthly to sem i-a n n u a lly ( ~ 180 w ells) W eek ly /m o n th ly Q u arterly (4 farm s, 3 c o m m e rc ia l sources) S em i-m o n th ly M onthly co m p o site Seaso n ally M onthly / qu arterly /seaso n a lly (Farm s and lo c a l stores) M onthly (one lo catio n ) S em i-w e ek ly (tw o lo catio n s) M onthly (5 8 lo catio n s) P a rticu la te and halogens Isotopic Gross a ctiv ity Isotopic Gross b e ta , alpha, 131I G am m a scan 9 0 - 239_ Sr, Pu Isotopic — frequency varies with nu clid e Isotopic — frequ ency varies with nuclid e Gross B eta, 3H, N itrate ion — frequ ency varies with lo catio n 131I, G am m a scan 90Sr 32 P G am m a scan 32 „ P, gam m a scan 3ZP, gam m a scan , 90Sr, frequency and s p e c ific analyses vary with both food and lo c a tio n 32P, gam m a scan Ion cham bers TLD
This publication is no longer valid Please see http://www.ns-iaea.org/standards/ APPENDIX IV 1 2 9 T A B L E X X X II. (con t.) Item Frequency A nalysis Ground deposition M onthly Portable survey (4 9 co n tro l points) m eters M onthly (p lan t roots) S em i-a n n u a lly (fix e d flig h t patterns out to 2 0 0 m iles from P ro ject) C a r-b o rn e s cin tilla tio n cou n ter A eria l survey s c in tilla tio n counter the counting equipment generally needs to be greater than if, for example, only gross beta activity is measured. Time may be saved by making use, when possible, of gam m a-ray spectrom etry. Summary The scope of environmental surveillance at a particular facility will depend upon the type and extent of nuclear operations carried on within it. Where preliminary surveillance indicates that the public exposure resulting from the discharge of wastes to air and water will be only a small fraction of the dose lim its, environmental surveillance might be drastically reduced. The objectives of radiological control can then be met by occasional checks on the discharge rates or on environmental media where cumulative effects or reconcentration of the effluent radionuclides is suspected. For radionuclides of long half-life infrequent sampling (quarterly or even annually) is sufficient, unless there are rapid fluctuations in the discharge rates or a m ajor change in the environmental conditions. Nuclides with relatively short half-lives can be sampled at intervals of two to three half-lives. Of course, supplemental samples should be taken if results show any significant or unexpected increase. Advantage should be taken of data gathered by nation-wide surveillance networks established for measuring worldwide fall-out. In addition, data resulting from effluent monitoring at the facility should be utilized in the planning of new or revised surveillance program m es. The prim ary aim being to keep the number of samples and analyses to the minimum necessary to ensure adequate control.
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1M|137CJ g 1 litre 134Cs C 3 .5 lit
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