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Writing a <strong>Research</strong> Paper A research paper is a required part of a <strong>Science</strong> Project. This is in addition to the items that are placed on the backboard. It is the parts of the project compiled into one document and placed in a binder. Your scientific paper will contain at least 11 sections IN THIS ORDER: • Title Page • Abstract • Problem or Purpose • Hypothesis • Materials • Procedure 83 • Background • Results • Conclusions • Bibliography • Future Studies THE TITLE is the beginning. You have already picked a good title for your project. Use the same one for your paper. Center the title near the middle of the page. THE ABSTRACT is an overview. As strange as it might seem, the first part of your paper is the part you write last. Your abstract is one page. It contains clear, brief statements that summarize: (a) the problem or questions you are studying (b) the hypothesis (c) the action that you took in your investigation (d) the results of your experiments (e) your most important conclusions based on the results of YOUR work. THE PROBLEM or PURPOSE is the description of what you are attempting to solve with the project. THE HYPOTHESIS is a statement of an idea, based on research, that can be tested. It is what the investigator intends to support or disprove. It needs to be clearly and briefly stated (no more than 2 complete sentences). The title, problem and hypothesis must be well correlated. THE PROCEDURE tells you what to do. It needs to be step by step (cookbook style) the experimental procedure gives all the details of how the experiment was conducted. It is so precise that someone could repeat your work without additional communication with you! Apparatus constructed should be photographed and discussed. Sketches and diagrams are very useful. Answer questions that apply to your project, such as: • What was measured and how? • For which variables were data collected? • How was your control experiment run? • What chemicals, plants, or animals were used? • How or where were your supplies mixed, made, or grown? • What equipment was used or built? If laboratory equipment is used, it should be described, its function discussed, and manufacturer and model number given.
If you work with bacteria, chemicals or other organisms you must address safe-handling procedure, disposal procedure and care of organisms. Safe handling procedures may be cited from a source that is documented in the bibliography. They do not have to be completely rewritten. THE BACKGROUND: The first part of the background tells the reader your understanding of the subject when you started the project. Next, you might want to tell how you became interested in your project, or describe any "common knowledge" or "old wives' tales" you want to prove or disprove. Tell about information that you found as you researched your subject, such as: historical and scientific background, similar experiments already done by other people, and any contradictions or unanswered questions you may have found. You need to remember to give credit to sources you used for information. References used or quoted must be cited within the text. The discussion of your project is the heart of your paper. It usually contains several subsections. THE RESULTS begin by presenting all of your observations and data, in both the as -collected and processed forms. Discuss how and why your data was processed. Explain anything you assumed to process the data. Tables, charts, and graphs are very helpful. All graphics should be placed in the paper near the paragraphs in which they are discussed. An area needing extra attention is the labeling of graphs, charts, diagrams, and tables. Each must have its own descriptive title. All columns, axes, and data must be labeled clearly and identified. Make comparisons with theoretical values, published data, commonly held beliefs and/or expected results. Your conclusions and implications should flow smoothly and logically from your data. Be thorough. Let your readers know exactly what you did. Let them follow your train of thought. How did the data vary between repeated observations of similar events? How were your results affected by uncontrolled events? What are sources of possible error and how large were these errors? What would you do differently if you were to repeat this project? What other experiments remain to be conducted? The results and conclusions from your experiments should appear smoothly and logically throughout this discussion of your data, your method, your comparisons, and your errors. THE CONCLUSION is a summary of your results. The conclusion restates briefly the findings in relationship to your hypothesis. No new topics or speculations are to be mentioned. Remember that these conclusions are based on your work and experiments, not drawn from news articles and textbooks. THE BIBLIOGRAPHY gives credit to all of the sources you have used. A bibliography or list of references recognizes the information taken from the work and writings of other people. There are standard forms of references. See guides. FUTURE STUDIES, How would you continue this project? What areas are possibilities for ‘future studies’? 84
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SCHOOL BOARD OF BREVARD COUNTY Educ
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Table of Contents Introduction-----
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“….I have not failed. I’ve ju
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Research Student Responsibilities T
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Inquiry Laboratory Exercises: The p
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Activities should include training
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decision-making limitations, and hy
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Reprint File A reprint file is a bo
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chemical reactions, mathematical mo
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Listing of Schools by Fair Brevard
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Florida State Science and Engineeri
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Other Science Competitions Craftsma
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Science Fairs Alignment with Nation
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How do I go about finding mentors f
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3) how well a student followed scie
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Federal Agencies and Commissions: h
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US Department of Health and Human S
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I venture to define science as a se
Page 38 and 39: Student Science Safety Contract Stu
Page 40 and 41: Science Fair Photo Release Informat
Page 42 and 43: Science Fair Cancellation Form 2008
Page 44 and 45: Brevard Public Schools Science Rese
Page 46 and 47: My commission expires _____________
Page 48 and 49: authorship must be respected. K. Do
Page 50 and 51: name is used. Υ N I give permissio
Page 52 and 53: JUDGING CHECKLIST Project Number___
Page 54 and 55: Final Judges’ Ranking Card Brevar
Page 57 and 58: Regional Fair Form Brevard Public S
Page 59 and 60: 55 Page 1 of 1 Regional Fair Form B
Page 63 and 64: Regional Fair Form Potentially Haza
Page 67 and 68: State Science Fair Activity Overvie
Page 69 and 70: Medical & Special Information State
Page 71 and 72: Student Name School Research Teache
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Page 77 and 78: Team Entry Form (Page 2 of 3) Membe
Page 80 and 81: Appendix Bernoulli’s Cans -------
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Page 99 and 100: A Part of a Book Book parts include
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Page 111 and 112: Citing multivolume works Wilson, J.
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Page 115 and 116: SAMPLE RESEARCH TIMELINE DATE WHAT
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Page 121 and 122: Mark Discrepancies Here DISPLAY AND
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Page 125 and 126: Acknowledgments Fair directors, tea
Page 127 and 128: � Intel ISEF Categories and Subca
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Page 131 and 132: � Ethics Statement Scientific fra
Page 133 and 134: � Roles and Responsibilities of S
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The following rules were developed
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2) Proper euthanasia at the end of
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� Potentially Hazardous Biologica
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10) The following types of tissue d
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� Hazardous Chemicals, Activities
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C. Radiation A risk assessment must
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Checklist for Adult Sponsor (1) Thi
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Research Plan REQUIRED for ALL Proj
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Regulated Research Institutional/In
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Student’s Name Title of Project R
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Required for all research involving
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Potentially Hazardous Biological Ag
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Student’s Name Continuation Proje
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Getting Started 1) Pick your topic:
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4) Visual Display: You want to attr
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