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7.5 Bibliography Ackerman, Bruce. "Levels of Generality in Constitutional Interpretation: Liberating Abstraction." University of Chicago Law Review 59 (1992): 317-48. Andrews, Lori B., and Nanette Elster. "Adoption, Reproductive Technologies, and Genetic Information." Health Matrix: Journal of Law-Medicine 8 (1998): 125-51. Barnes, Barry. "On the Conventional Character of Knowledge and Cognition." In Science Observed. Perspectives on the Social Study of Science, edited by Karin Knorr-Cetina and Michael Mulkay, 19-51. London: Sage Publications, 1983. Barnes, Barry, David Bloor, and John Henry. Scientific Knowledge: A Sociological Analysis. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1996. Baruch, Susannah, Audrey Huang, Daryl Pritchard, Andrea Kalfoglou, Gail Javitt, Rick Borchelt, Joan Scott, and Kathy Hudson. "Human Germline Genetic Modification: Issues and Options for Policymakers." Washington, D.C.: Genetics and Public Policy Center, 2005. Bloor, David. Wittgenstein, Rules and Institutions. London: Routledge, 1997. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "2000 Assisted Reproductive Technology Success Rates: National Summary and Fertility Clinic <strong>Report</strong>s." Atlanta, GA: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, 2002. ———. "2002 Assisted Reproductive Technology Success Rates: National Summary and Fertility Clinic <strong>Report</strong>s." Atlanta, GA: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, 2004. Coleman, Carl H. "Religious Values and Legal Dilemmas in Bioethics: Assisted Reproductive Technologies and the Constitution." Fordham Urban Law Journal 30 (2002): 57-70. Easterbrook, Frank H. "Presidential Review." Case Western Reserve Law Review 40 (1990): 905-29. Ely, James W. "The Oxymoron Reconsidered: Myth and Reality in the Origins of Substantive Due Process." Constitutional Commentary 16 (1999): 315-45. Harrison, John. "Substantive Due Process and the Constitutional Text." Virginia Law Review 83 (1997): 493-558. Hart Ely, John. "On Discovering Fundamental Values." Harvard Law Review 92, no. 1 (1977): 1-55. Massie, Ann MacLean. "Regulating Choice: A Constitutional Law Response to Professor John A. Robertson's "Children of Choice"." Washington and Lee Law Review 52 (1995): 135- 71. New York State Task Force on Life and the Law. "Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Analysis and Recommendations for Public Policy." New York, NY, 1998. Newman, Stephen A. "Human Cloning and the Substantive Due Process Riddle." Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal 8 (1998): 153-66. Rao, Radhika. "Reconceiving Privacy: Relationships and Reproductive Technology." UCLA Law Review 45 (1998): 1077-123. RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association. "Embryo Donation Research: Select Findings." Bethesda, MD, 2003. 205
Robertson, John A. Children of Choice: Freedom and the New Reproductive Technologies. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994. ———. "Embryos, Families, and Procreative Liberty: The Legal Structure of the New Reproduction." California Law Review 59 (1986): 942-1039. ———. "Liberalism and the Limits of Procreative Liberty: A Response to My Critics." Washington and Lee Law Review 52 (1995): 233-67. ———. "Procreative Liberty in the Era of Genomics." American Journal of Law and Medicine 29 (2003): 439-87. Spriggs, M. "Lesbian Couple Create a Child Who Is Deaf Like Them." Journal of Medical Ethics 28 (2002): 283. Sunstein, Cass. "Is There a Constitutional Right to Clone?" Hastings Law Journal 53 (2002): 987-1005. Tribe, Laurence H., and Michael C. Dorf. "Levels of Generality in the Definition of Rights." University of Chicago Law Review 57 (1990): 1057-108. U.S. Census Bureau. "Adopted Children and Stepchildren: 2000." Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, 2003. 206
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Beyond Bioethics: A Proposal for Mo
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(ARTs) as well as laboratory resear
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issues raised by new biotechnologie
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human and animals cells, tissues, a
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(CLIA) of 1988 and, more importantl
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the activities of both private and
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themselves whether or not to eat fo
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5.5 Creating a New Regulatory Insti
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egarding reproductive biomedicine t
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to represent constituencies that ar
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“Deliberative panels,” the term
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participants may be able to engage
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outer limits of the right to privac
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About the Authors Francis Fukuyama
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1.1 THE CHALLENGE OF NEW BIOTECHNOL
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7.1 TRADITIONAL REPRODUCTIVE TECHNO
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Shortness as a Psychological and So
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1 Introduction This report presents
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them only on the basis of safety an
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esearch, and clinical and medical p
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Congress’ powers over scientific
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of newborns; destruction of an embr
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1.6 Bibliography Evans, John H. Pla
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endogenous growth hormone secretion
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slippery slope toward blanket uses
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proposed by Eli Lilly - a rather su
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Committee tended, predictably, to r
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coincidentally, she was also one of
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2.5 Bibliography American Academy o
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• Limits on the commercialization
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the sick and relieving the pain and
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give for opposing this practice var
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We recognize that for some people,
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3.6 Bibliography Baruch, Susannah,
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taxonomies are likely to exist. For
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that an investigator may not be abl
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ecome part of this complex transact
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These concerns are not unfounded, a
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cryopreservation a good example of
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A 2003 news story published in Popu
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episode. Reputational incentives ar
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Would you approve or disapprove if
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strong preference for a mixed famil
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controversial not because it provid
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esearch. On the other end are situa
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nucleus of a somatic cell, such as
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And we have to have some degree - a
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father. The experiment could also l
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The availability of oocytes in larg
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and the tail of serpent. In biology
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our view, that the scientific commu
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Bonnicksen, Andrea. "Innovative ART
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Kubawara, Y., T. Okai, S. Kozuma, N
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Shamblott, Michael J., Joyce Axelma
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116
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iotech companies or university clin
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As an infrastructure of quality ass
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toward implementing a comprehensive
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clinical research, 22 while the FDA
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principles of good governance as fe
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sustainable way. Examples include c
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cloning to register with the Depart
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kind of cloning or they limit the b
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The federal government has been rel
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includes ethicists, scientists, men
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Society for Assisted Reproductive T
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Reproductive Endocrinology Subspeci
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safety guidelines aimed at ranking
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elatively mundane. 67 For example,
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Fallon, Peter, and Zafiris Tzannato
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148
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6.1 Italy - from the “Wild West
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also prohibited. 13 The law activel
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Page 165 and 166: (principle (e)). 43 Canada affords
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Page 177 and 178: The remaining three positions reser
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Page 181 and 182: The relevance of the Code of Practi
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Page 187 and 188: of saving the life of an older sibl
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Page 195 and 196: What is obvious is that the Court s
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Page 205 and 206: Surrogacy 16 Donor egg 14 Donor spe
Page 207: To recap, the survey data shows a s
Page 211 and 212: media and from polling organization
Page 213 and 214: Before diving into the data, the me
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Page 219 and 220: asked five times whether the public
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Page 223 and 224: Our conclusions could be criticized
Page 225 and 226: about embryonic stem cells? The ans
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Page 233 and 234: coincidence that U.S. scientists id
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Page 243 and 244: another branch of medicine. ART pra
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Page 247 and 248: Navasky, Victor S., and Christopher
Page 249 and 250: to extract benefits for their membe
Page 251 and 252: entails. 3 CAMR, a very large and h
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eaching out to the public, the agen
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ultimately benefits more the patien
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In many cases, these efforts are pe
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The rationale for including stakeho
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years away. Again, no scientific ba
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The view that deliberation can shar
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members and instructed to reach con
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Deliberation: This requirement has
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One may wonder why public hearings
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conference. Denmark is the clear le
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legislative and regulatory process.
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10.9.1 The National Environmental P
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considered in the process, identify
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vicinity of black residential areas
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it significantly constraints the ag
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286
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Dunkerley, David, and Peter Glasner
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———. "The Courts and the Ossi
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292
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agency’s ability to implement Con
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areas that were thought to require
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Small decision-making bodies such a
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accountability also comes the very
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and remains the British solution to
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equirement is very difficult to imp
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advisory board, the higher the chan
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11.2.2 The Advisory Board as a Boar
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suggesting candidates. They include
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312
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Morrison, Alan B. "How Independent
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12.1 Deliberative Panels Deliberati
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complexity would be to convene deli
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deliberative panels, however, delib
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Participation suffered from conside
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12.3 Public Consultation and Rule-M
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divide the public, it is quite unli
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328
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Among the parties subject to record
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demand in-depth health screening, a
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many prospective parents are attrac
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Traditionally, the practice of medi
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eliefs firmly held by medical pract
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some studies, the TRI program has b
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13.4 Technologies of Reproductive C
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epresentatives of the general publi
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population of firms, clinics, labor
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an ART program, a biotech company,
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By all accounts, the British regula
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would add roughly 0.56 percent to t
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[cited September 20, 2005]. Availab
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