Introduction to Fungi, Third Edition

38 INTRODUCTION
Table1.2. The classification scheme adopted in
this book, showing mainly those groups treated in
some detail.
KINGDOM PROTOZOA
Myxomycota (Chapter 2)
Acrasiomycetes
Dictyosteliomycetes
Protosteliomycetes
Myxomycetes
Plasmodiophoromycota (Chapter 3)
Plasmodiophorales
Haptoglossales (Oomycota?)
KINGDOM STRAMINIPILA
Hyphochytriomycota (Chapter 4)
Labyrinthulomycota (Chapter 4)
Labyrinthulomycetes
Thraustochytriomycetes
Oomycota (Chapter 5)
Saprolegniales
Pythiales
Peronosporales
KINGDOM FUNGI (EUMYCOTA)
Chytridiomycota (Chapter 6)
Chytridiomycetes
Zygomycota (Chapter 7)
Zygomycetes
Trichomycetes
Ascomycota (Chapter 8)
Archiascomycetes (Chapter 9)
Hemiascomycetes (Chapter10)
Plectomycetes (Chapter11)
Hymenoascomycetes
Pyrenomycetes (Chapter12)
Erysiphales (Chapter13)
Pezizales (Chapter14)
Helotiales (Chapter15)
Lecanorales/lichens (Chapter16)
Loculoascomycetes (Chapter17)
Basidiomycota (Chapter18)
Homobasidiomycetes (Chapter19)
Homobasidiomycetes: gasteromycetes
(Chapter 20)
Heterobasidiomycetes (Chapter 21)
Urediniomycetes (Chapter 22)
Ustilaginomycetes (Chapter 23)
prokaryotes (Kumar & Rzhetsky, 1996). An overview
of eukaryotic organisms, in which those
groups treated in this book are highlighted,
is given in Fig. 1.25. Among the Protozoa, the
Plasmodiophoromycota are given extensive
treatment because of their role as pathogens
of plants (Chapter 3), whereas the various
forms of slime moulds are considered only
briefly (Chapter 2). Similarly brief overviews
will be given of most groups of Straminipila
studied by mycologists (Chapter 4), except for
the Oomycota which, despite their separate
evolutionary origin, represent a major area of
mycology (Chapter 5). All remaining chapters
deal with members of the Eumycota (¼ Kingdom
Fungi). The scheme is summarized in Table 1.2
and illustrated in Fig. 1.26. An overview of the
nomenclature used for describing taxa within
the Eumycota is given in Table 1.3.
In the past, fungi which solely or mainly
reproduce asexually (Fungi Imperfecti,
Deuteromycota, mitosporic fungi, anamorphic
fungi) were considered separately from their
sexually reproducing relatives the teleomorphs,
and separate anamorph and teleomorph
genera were erected. However, information
from pure-culture studies and molecular phylogenetic
approaches has linked many anamorphs
with their teleomorphs. For instance, the conidial
(imperfect) state of the common brownrot
fungus of apples and other fruits is called
Monilia fructigena, whereas the sexual (perfect)
Table 1.3. Example of the hierarchy of taxonomic
terms. The wheat stem rust fungus, Puccinia
graminis, is used as an example.
Kingdom Fungi
Subkingdom Eumycota
Phylum Basidiomycota
Class Urediniomycetes
Order Uredinales
Family Pucciniaceae
Genus Puccinia
Species Puccinia graminis
Race Puccinia graminis
f. sp. tritici