Final FONSI and EA for hot cargo pad on Kirtland AFB - Kirtland Air ...

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<strong>Final</strong> <strong>EA</strong> Addressing Construction, Operation, <strong>and</strong> Maintenance of a Hot Cargo Pad Figure 3-5. Current Visual Conditions at the Southern Portion of the Proposed Action Site. View is facing southeast at ERP site WP-26 (fenced area in background). 3.4 Air Quality 3.4.1 Definition of the Resource In accordance with Federal Clean Air Act (CAA) requirements, the air quality in a given region or area is measured by the concentration of various pollutants in the atmosphere. The measurements of these “criteria pollutants” in ambient air are expressed in units of parts per million (ppm), milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m 3 ), or micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m 3 ). The air quality in a region is a result not only of the types <strong>and</strong> quantities of atmospheric pollutants <strong>and</strong> pollutant sources in an area, but also surface topography, the size of the topological “air basin,” <strong>and</strong> the prevailing meteorological conditions. The CAA directed the USEPA to develop, implement, <strong>and</strong> en<strong>for</strong>ce strong environmental regulations that would ensure clean <strong>and</strong> healthy ambient air quality. To protect public health <strong>and</strong> welfare, the USEPA developed numerical concentration-based st<strong>and</strong>ards, or National Ambient Air Quality St<strong>and</strong>ards (NAAQS), <strong>for</strong> pollutants that have been determined to impact human health <strong>and</strong> the environment. The USEPA established both primary <strong>and</strong> secondary NAAQS under the provisions of the CAA. NAAQS are currently established <strong>for</strong> six criteria air pollutants: ozone (O 3 ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), respirable particulate matter (including particulate matter equal to or less than 10 microns in diameter [PM 10 ] <strong>and</strong> particulate matter equal to or less than 2.5 microns in diameter [PM 2.5 ]), <strong>and</strong> lead (Pb). The primary NAAQS represent maximum levels of background air pollution that are considered safe, with an adequate margin of safety to protect public health. Secondary NAAQS represent the maximum pollutant concentration necessary to protect vegetation, crops, <strong>and</strong> other public resources along with maintaining visibility st<strong>and</strong>ards. Table 3-3 presents the primary <strong>and</strong> secondary USEPA NAAQS. Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB, NM January 2011 3-10
<strong>Final</strong> <strong>EA</strong> Addressing Construction, Operation, <strong>and</strong> Maintenance of a Hot Cargo Pad Pollutant O 3 PM 10 PM 2.5 CO NO 2 SO 2 Table 3-3. National Ambient Air Quality St<strong>and</strong>ards Averaging Time Primary 1 Hour a 0.12 ppm 8 Hours b 0.08 ppm (157 µg/m 3 ) 8 Hours 0.075 ppm g National St<strong>and</strong>ard Secondary Same as Primary St<strong>and</strong>ard 24 Hours c 150 µg/m 3 Same as Primary Annual Arithmetic Mean d ---- St<strong>and</strong>ard 24 Hours e 35 µg/m 3 Same as Primary Annual Arithmetic Mean f 15 µg/m 3 St<strong>and</strong>ard 8 Hours c 9.0 ppm (10 mg/m 3 ) 1 Hour c 35 ppm (40 mg/m 3 ) 0.053 ppm Annual Arithmetic Mean (100 µg/m 3 ) Annual Arithmetic Mean 24 Hours c 0.14 ppm (365 µg/m 3 ) None Same as Primary St<strong>and</strong>ard 0.03 ppm (80 µg/m 3 ) 0.5 ppm 1,300 µg/m 3 , 3-Hour averaging time Pb Quarterly Average 1.5 µg/m 3 Same as Primary St<strong>and</strong>ard Source: USEPA 2009a Notes: Parenthetical values are approximate equivalent concentrations. a. (a) The st<strong>and</strong>ard is attained when the expected number of days per calendar year with maximum hourly average concentrations above 0.12 ppm is ≤ 1. (b) As of June 15, 2005, the USEPA revoked the 1-hour ozone st<strong>and</strong>ard in all areas except the 14 8-hour ozone nonattainment Early Action Compact Areas. b. (a) To attain this st<strong>and</strong>ard, the 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed 0.08 ppm. (b) The 1997 st<strong>and</strong>ard—<strong>and</strong> the implementation rules <strong>for</strong> that st<strong>and</strong>ard—will remain in place <strong>for</strong> implementation purposes as the USEPA undertakes rulemaking to address the transition from the 1997 ozone st<strong>and</strong>ard to the 2008 ozone st<strong>and</strong>ard. c. Not to be exceeded more than once per year. d. To attain this st<strong>and</strong>ard, the expected annual arithmetic mean PM10 concentration at each monitor within an area must not exceed 50 μg/m3. e. To attain this st<strong>and</strong>ard, the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations at each population-oriented monitor within an area must not exceed 35 µg/m3. f. To attain this st<strong>and</strong>ard, the 3-year average of the annual arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentrations from single or multiple community-oriented monitors must not exceed 15.0 µg/m3. g. To attain this st<strong>and</strong>ard, the 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed 0.075 ppm (effective May 27, 2008). Although O 3 is considered a criteria air pollutant <strong>and</strong> is measurable in the atmosphere, it is not often considered a regulated air pollutant when calculating emissions because O 3 is typically not emitted directly from most emissions sources. Ozone is <strong>for</strong>med in the atmosphere by p<strong>hot</strong>ochemical reactions involving sunlight <strong>and</strong> previously emitted pollutants or “O 3 precursors.” These O 3 precursors consist Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB, NM January 2011 3-11
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APPENDIX A APPLICABLE LAWS, REGULAT
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Land Use L
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typically calls for</strong
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species. All Federal agencies must
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comment on the alteration, demoliti
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monitoring, detection, and<
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Appendix B Interagency and<
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Native American Tribes Isleta Puebl
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Example IICEP Letter to Native Amer
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B-7
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Comments Received on the Draft Envi
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B-11
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Table B-1. Responses to Comments Re
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APPENDIX C AIR QUALITY SUPPORTING D
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Air Quality Emissions from Proposed
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Combustion Emissions Combustion Emi
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Architectural Coatings No. Reqd. a
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Construction Fugitive Dust Emission
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Grading Schedule Estimate of time r
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Construction Commuter Emissions Emi
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