Final FONSI and EA for hot cargo pad on Kirtland AFB - Kirtland Air ...

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<strong>Final</strong> <strong>EA</strong> Addressing Construction, Operation, <strong>and</strong> Maintenance of a Hot Cargo Pad Transportation facilities provide <strong>for</strong> the movement of munitions materials <strong>and</strong> equipment to meet operating <strong>and</strong> mission requirements. These facilities include <strong>hot</strong> <strong>cargo</strong> <strong>pad</strong>s, flight line munitions holding points, primary <strong>and</strong> alternate munitions movement routes, vehicle parking, <strong>and</strong> load <strong>and</strong> unload plat<strong>for</strong>ms (railheads) (USAF 2004). Basic design <strong>and</strong> safety st<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>for</strong> munitions transportation facilities, such as <strong>hot</strong> <strong>cargo</strong> <strong>pad</strong>s, are provided in multiple USAF documents, including AFMAN 91-201, Explosives Safety St<strong>and</strong>ards; Air Force H<strong>and</strong>book (AFH) 32-1084, Facility Requirements; AFI 32-1021, Planning <strong>and</strong> Programming Military Construction (MILCON) Projects; <strong>and</strong> UFC 3-260-1, Airfield <strong>and</strong> Heliport Planning <strong>and</strong> Design, among others. The USAF Munitions Facilities St<strong>and</strong>ards Guide summarizes the multitude of USAF regulations into a single document that provides planning, site selection guidance, <strong>and</strong> design st<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>for</strong> munitions-related facilities (USAF 2004). USAF policy on explosives safety requires the following (USAF 2009): Provide the maximum possible protection to personnel <strong>and</strong> property, both inside <strong>and</strong> outside the installation, from the damaging effects of potential accidents involving ammunition <strong>and</strong> explosives Comply with the cardinal principle <strong>for</strong> explosives safety: Expose the minimum number of people to the minimum amount of explosives <strong>for</strong> the minimum amount of time Compliance with AFMAN 91-201 except when compliance with more restrictive local st<strong>and</strong>ards is m<strong>and</strong>atory by an international agreement. Design criteria <strong>for</strong> <strong>hot</strong> <strong>cargo</strong> <strong>pad</strong>s include the following (USAF 1996, DOD 2008): The <strong>pad</strong> must be located to satisfy explosives safety st<strong>and</strong>ards as prescribed in DOD Directive 6055.9-STD, DOD Ammunition <strong>and</strong> Explosives Safety St<strong>and</strong>ards, <strong>and</strong> AFMAN 91-201. Medium-load pavement must be used <strong>for</strong> the <strong>pad</strong> <strong>and</strong> its access taxiway. Tiedown anchors <strong>and</strong> grounding points in the <strong>pad</strong> must be installed. Blue, flush-type taxiway lights around the edge of the <strong>pad</strong>s must be provided in accordance with AFI 32-1044, Visual Air Navigation Systems, <strong>and</strong> AFMAN 32-1076, Design St<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>for</strong> Visual Air Navigation Facilities. An access taxiway must be provided <strong>for</strong> access from the primary taxiway to the hazardous <strong>cargo</strong> <strong>pad</strong>. The taxiway should be designed <strong>for</strong> the aircraft to taxi into the hazardous <strong>cargo</strong> <strong>pad</strong> under its own power. Per AFH 31-1084 <strong>and</strong> the USAF Munitions Facilities St<strong>and</strong>ards Guide, paved shoulders are included in <strong>hot</strong> <strong>cargo</strong> <strong>pad</strong> construction as shown in Figure 3-9. Paved shoulders are authorized when it is necessary to protect the shoulder areas against jet blast; reduce maintenance of the unpaved shoulder area; support aircraft outrigger gear; or accommodate snow removal equipment, aircraft service vehicles, <strong>and</strong> emergency vehicles (USAF 1996). Paved shoulders also provide locations <strong>for</strong> lighting <strong>and</strong> control of FOD. Paved shoulders should be a minimum 10 feet (3.1 meters) wide with lights installed. Wider shoulders are required <strong>for</strong> wide-bodied aircraft (USAF 2004). Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB, NM January 2011 3-38
<strong>Final</strong> <strong>EA</strong> Addressing Construction, Operation, <strong>and</strong> Maintenance of a Hot Cargo Pad Source: USAF 1996 Figure 3-9. Hot Cargo Pad Design Criteria Risk is the probability <strong>and</strong> severity of loss from exposure to a hazard, such as the loading of weapons, ammunition, explosives, <strong>and</strong> other hazardous <strong>cargo</strong> from various aircraft. The assessment step is the application of quantitative or qualitative measures to determine the level of risk associated with a specific hazard. This process defines the probability <strong>and</strong> severity of a mishap that could result from the hazard based upon the exposure of personnel or assets to that hazard (USAF 2009). Historical mishap databases enable the military to calculate the mishap rates <strong>for</strong> each type of aircraft. These rates are based on the estimated flying time that an aircraft is expected to be in the airspace, the accident rate per 100,000 flying hours <strong>for</strong> that aircraft, <strong>and</strong> the annual flying hours <strong>for</strong> that aircraft. Since the inception of the USAF in 1947, aircraft accidents have steadily declined each year. Because of the potentially damaging effects of explosives mishaps, separate facilities, such as a <strong>hot</strong> <strong>cargo</strong> <strong>pad</strong> (which is separate from the existing apron) are provided <strong>for</strong> explosives operations based on the type of hazards involved (USAF 1996). Weapon systems such as guns, rockets, missiles, <strong>and</strong> flare dispensers pose an additional hazard because of their directional response <strong>and</strong> potential long range if inadvertently activated on the ground. Aircraft are positioned to present the minimum hazard to personnel <strong>and</strong> resources in the event of a mishap (USAF 2009). Per AFH 32-1084, a <strong>hot</strong> <strong>cargo</strong> <strong>pad</strong> is required at installations where explosives or other dangerous materials must be loaded frequently on <strong>cargo</strong> aircraft <strong>and</strong> where existing aprons cannot be used without violating QD safety criteria. The term QD refers to protection requirements from PESs to different kinds of ESs. The QD st<strong>and</strong>ards were developed over many years <strong>and</strong> are based on explosives mishaps <strong>and</strong> tests. As discussed in Section 2.1.2, an IB separation distance of 1,250 feet (approximately 0.24 miles) is required <strong>for</strong> Hazard Classification 1.1 explosives. At this distance some damage could still be expected Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB, NM January 2011 3-39
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FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT FO
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FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ADDR
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Final EA</
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Final EA</
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typically calls for</strong
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species. All Federal agencies must
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comment on the alteration, demoliti
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monitoring, detection, and<
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Appendix B Interagency and<
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Native American Tribes Isleta Puebl
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Example IICEP Letter to Native Amer
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B-7
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Comments Received on the Draft Envi
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Table B-1. Responses to Comments Re
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APPENDIX C AIR QUALITY SUPPORTING D
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Air Quality Emissions from Proposed
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Combustion Emissions Combustion Emi
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Construction Fugitive Dust Emission
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