Final FONSI and EA for hot cargo pad on Kirtland AFB - Kirtland Air ...

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<strong>Final</strong> <strong>EA</strong> Addressing Construction, Operation, <strong>and</strong> Maintenance of a Hot Cargo Pad The resource is associated with the lives of people significant in the past (criterion B). The resource embodies distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction; represents the work of a master; possesses high artistic value; or represents a significant <strong>and</strong> distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction (criterion C). The resource has yielded, or might be likely to yield, in<strong>for</strong>mation important in prehistory or history (criterion D). In addition to meeting at least one of the above criteria, a cultural resource must also possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, <strong>and</strong> association. Integrity is defined as the authenticity of a property’s historic identity, as evidenced by the survival of physical characteristics it possessed in the past <strong>and</strong> its capacity to convey in<strong>for</strong>mation about a culture or group of people, a historic pattern, or a specific type of architectural or engineering design or technology. Location refers to the place where an event occurred or a property was originally built. Design considers elements such as plan, <strong>for</strong>m, <strong>and</strong> style of a property. Setting is the physical environment of the property. Materials refer to the physical elements used to construct the property. Workmanship refers to the craftsmanship of the creators of a property. Feeling is the ability of the property to convey its historic time <strong>and</strong> place. Association refers to the link between the property <strong>and</strong> a historically significant event or person. Cultural resources meeting these st<strong>and</strong>ards (i.e., age, eligibility, <strong>and</strong> integrity) are termed “historic properties” under the NHPA. Sites or structures that are not considered individually significant can be considered eligible <strong>for</strong> listing in the NRHP as part of a historic district. According to the NRHP, a historic district possesses a significant concentration, linkage, or continuity of sites, buildings, structures, or objects that are historically or aesthetically united by plan or physical development. Typically, cultural resources are grouped into three separate categories: archaeological, architectural, or sites that have a traditional religious or cultural significance to Native American tribes. Archaeological resources are defined as areas that have altered the l<strong>and</strong>scape. Architectural resources are built structures of significance. In general, these architectural resources are typically more than 50 years old but newer structures can be evaluated under the entire above criterion. Resources of traditional, religious, or cultural significance to Native American tribes can include architectural or archaeological resources, sacred sites, neighborhoods, geographic l<strong>and</strong>marks, flora or faunal habitats, mineral localities, or sites considered essential <strong>for</strong> the preservation of traditional culture. The <strong>EA</strong> process requires the assessment of potential impacts on cultural resources. In addition, under Section 106 of the NHPA, Federal agencies must take into account the effect of their undertakings on historic properties <strong>and</strong> allow the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) an opportunity to comment. Under this process, the Federal agency evaluates the NRHP eligibility of resources within the proposed undertaking’s area of potential effect (APE) <strong>and</strong> assesses the possible effects of the proposed undertaking on historic resources in consultation with the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) <strong>and</strong> other parties. The APE is defined as the geographic area(s) “within which an undertaking may directly or indirectly cause alterations in the character or use of historic properties, if any such properties exist.” Under Section 110 of the NHPA, Federal agencies are required to establish programs to inventory <strong>and</strong> nominate cultural resources under their purview to the NRHP. 3.8.2 Existing Conditions Current underst<strong>and</strong>ing of Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB history <strong>and</strong> prehistory reflects archival data, data collected during surveys, limited test <strong>and</strong> block excavations, as well as in<strong>for</strong>mation derived from comparisons with archaeological sequences developed <strong>for</strong> the middle Rio Gr<strong>and</strong>e. The prehistoric chronological sequence used at Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB is based primarily on projectile point <strong>for</strong>ms <strong>and</strong> supported in part by radiocarbon Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB, NM January 2011 3-28
<strong>Final</strong> <strong>EA</strong> Addressing Construction, Operation, <strong>and</strong> Maintenance of a Hot Cargo Pad age estimates available <strong>for</strong> the Holocene epoch <strong>and</strong> the discovery of early projectile point types in a stratified context. In general, the prehistory <strong>and</strong> history of Central New Mexico, including Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB, is divided into four basic periods: Paleoindian, Archaic, Pueblo, <strong>and</strong> Historic. Numerous Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB reports review the general cultural chronology <strong>and</strong> the history of prehistoric settlement, <strong>and</strong> subsistence patterns of the Middle Rio Gr<strong>and</strong>e. The town of Albuquerque was founded in 1706 <strong>and</strong> has experienced a long <strong>and</strong> rich history. The decades following the U.S. Civil War witnessed a period of western settlement, encouraged in part by the Homestead Act of 1862. The Rio Gr<strong>and</strong>e saw an increase in settlement, with farming <strong>and</strong> ranching becoming the major economic activities. Substantial economic development followed the arrival of the Atchison, Topeka, <strong>and</strong> Santa Fe Railroads in 1879 <strong>and</strong> soon Albuquerque became the largest city in New Mexico. As Spanish, <strong>and</strong> later Mexican, populations exp<strong>and</strong>ed, the Albuquerque area’s population continued to shift outward <strong>and</strong> the foothills provided areas to graze cattle <strong>and</strong> sheep. In the late 1800s, mineable sources of coal, copper, lead, <strong>and</strong> zinc were discovered near the city. Fluorspars were mined in the Manzanita region as fluorite in the 1930s <strong>and</strong> 1940s (Voynick 1997). The upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>for</strong>est attracted colonial woodcutters. Roads were later built to gain access to timber along the upper canyons <strong>and</strong> ridge tops during the late 1800s <strong>and</strong> early 1900s. Archaeological Resources. According to an online records search conducted through the Archaeological Records Management Section (ARMS) of the New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs <strong>and</strong> the New Mexico State Historic Preservation Office (http://stubbs.arms.state.nm.us/arms/), there have been more than 150 cultural resources projects undertaken at Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB. These projects have resulted in the identification of 661 archaeological sites <strong>and</strong> the NRHP evaluations of more than 2,000 facilities. Of the 661 archaeological sites recorded within the boundaries of Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB, most are located in the eastern portion of Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB. Laboratory of Anthropology (LA) numbers have been assigned <strong>for</strong> each of these archaeological resources. NRHP eligibility evaluations are generally complete <strong>for</strong> the sites located on the lower piedmonts <strong>and</strong> drainages of the western portions of Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB <strong>and</strong> the eastern Manzanita Mountains. There have been three archaeological sites identified within one mile of the Proposed Action: LA 99781 (historic milled lumber structure with an associated historic trash component), LA 131751 (historic scatter of domestic <strong>and</strong> military medical artifacts), <strong>and</strong> LA 131741 (historic artifact scatter representing a historic trash dump) (see Table 3-8). All of the sites were determined ineligible to the NRHP <strong>and</strong> were concurred by the SHPO. Table 3-8. Archaeological Sites Identified Near the Proposed Action Site LA Number Description Eligibility 99781 Historic structure with associated historic trash Not eligible 131751 Historic scatter of domestic <strong>and</strong> military medical artifacts Not eligible 131741 Historic artifact scatter (domestic trash dump) Not eligible None of the sites occur within the APE <strong>and</strong> no known sites would be disturbed by the Proposed Action. Architectural Resources. The inventory <strong>and</strong> assessment of architectural resources at Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB has been ongoing since 1984. To date, 2,183 structures have been evaluated <strong>for</strong> NRHP eligibility. Of these, Kirtl<strong>and</strong> AFB, NM January 2011 3-29
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FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT FO
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS µg/L mi
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FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ADDR
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Final EA</
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Final EA</
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APPENDIX A APPLICABLE LAWS, REGULAT
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Land Use L
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typically calls for</strong
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species. All Federal agencies must
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comment on the alteration, demoliti
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monitoring, detection, and<
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Appendix B Interagency and<
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Native American Tribes Isleta Puebl
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Example IICEP Letter to Native Amer
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B-7
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Comments Received on the Draft Envi
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B-11
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Table B-1. Responses to Comments Re
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APPENDIX C AIR QUALITY SUPPORTING D
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Air Quality Emissions from Proposed
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Combustion Emissions Combustion Emi
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Architectural Coatings No. Reqd. a
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Construction Fugitive Dust Emission
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Grading Schedule Estimate of time r
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Construction Commuter Emissions Emi
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Final FONSI and EA for hot cargo pad on Kirtland AFB - Kirtland Air ...

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