Three Roads To Quantum Gravity

More documents

Recommendations

Info

GLOSSARY 233 spin The angular momentum of an elementary particle which is an intrinsic property of it, independent of its motion. spin network A graph whose edges are labelled by numbers representing spins. In loop quantum gravity each quantum state of the geometry of space is represented by a spin network. spontaneous symmetry breaking The phenomena by which a stable state of a system can have less symmetry than the laws that govern the system. state In any physical theory, the con®guration of a system at a speci®ed moment of time. string In string theory, the basic physical entity, the different states of which represent the different possible elementary particles. A string can be visualized as a path or a loop that propagates through a background space. string theory A theory of the propagation and interactions of strings,inbackground spacetimes. supersymmetry A conjectured symmetry of elementary particle physics and string theories which asserts that bosons and fermions exist in pairs, each member of which has the same mass and interactions. supergravity An extension of Einstein's general theory of relativity in which the different kinds of elementary particle are related to one another by one or more supersymmetries. symmetry An operation by which a physical system may be transformed without affecting the fact that it is a possible state or history of the system. Two states connected by a symmetry have the same energy. temperature The average kinetic energy of a particle or mode of vibration in a large system. thermal or thermodynamic equilibrium See equilibrium. topos theory A mathematical language which is appropriate for describing theories in which properties are context dependent, as in relational quantum theory. twistor theory An approach to quantum gravity invented by Roger Penrose in which
234 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY the primary elements are causal processes and the events of spacetime are constructed in terms of the relationships between the causal processes. uncertainty principle A principle in quantum theory according to which it is impossible to measure both the position and momentum (or velocity) of a particle or, more generally, the state and rate of change of any system. wave±particle duality A principle of quantum theory according to which one can describe elementary particles as both particles and waves, depending on the context.
Page 1:
“It would be hard to imagine a be
Page 5 and 6:
To my parents Pauline and Michael C
Page 7 and 8:
vi THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY P
Page 9 and 10:
viii THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY
Page 11 and 12:
2 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY th
Page 13 and 14:
4 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY Si
Page 15 and 16:
6 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY co
Page 17 and 18:
8 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY th
Page 19 and 20:
10 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY m
Page 21 and 22:
12 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY I
Page 24:
I POINTS OF DEPARTURE
Page 27 and 28:
18 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY p
Page 29 and 30:
20 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY w
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
24 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY i
Page 35 and 36:
CHAPTER 2 .........................
Page 37 and 38:
28 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY d
Page 39 and 40:
30 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY a
Page 41 and 42:
32 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY s
Page 43 and 44:
34 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY u
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
38 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY T
Page 49 and 50:
40 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY t
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
54 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY c
Page 65 and 66:
56 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY F
Page 67 and 68:
58 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY f
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
62 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY J
Page 73 and 74:
64 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY m
Page 76:
II WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
72 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY o
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
76 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY b
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
80 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY c
Page 91 and 92:
82 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY g
Page 93 and 94:
84 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY T
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
CHAPTER 7 .........................
Page 99 and 100:
90 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY F
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
94 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY p
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
100 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
CHAPTER 9 .........................
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
CHAPTER 11 ........................
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 178 and 179:
CHAPTER 12 ........................
Page 180 and 181:
THE HOLOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLE 171 gener
Page 182 and 183:
THE HOLOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLE 173 FIGUR
Page 184 and 185:
THE HOLOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLE 175 the g
Page 186 and 187:
THE HOLOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLE 177 In th
Page 188 and 189:
CHAPTER 13 ........................
Page 190 and 191:
HOW TO WEAVE A STRING 181 thing!" I
Page 192 and 193: HOW TO WEAVE A STRING 183 other. Th
Page 194 and 195: HOW TO WEAVE A STRING 185 What is r
Page 196 and 197: HOW TO WEAVE A STRING 187 for a pic
Page 198 and 199: HOW TO WEAVE A STRING 189 in Einste
Page 200 and 201: HOW TO WEAVE A STRING 191 p in the
Page 202 and 203: HOW TO WEAVE A STRING 193 may be th
Page 204 and 205: WHAT CHOOSES THE LAWS OF NATURE? 19
Page 216 and 217: EPILOGUE: .........................
Page 218 and 219: EPILOGUE: 209 And quantum gravity i
Page 220 and 221: EPILOGUE: 211 of systems containing
Page 222 and 223: POSTSCRIPT 213 These cosmic rays ar
Page 224 and 225: POSTSCRIPT 215 Three explanations h
Page 226 and 227: POSTSCRIPT 217 light, which is the
Page 228 and 229: POSTSCRIPT 219 This is good news in
Page 230 and 231: POSTSCRIPT 221 But there is a secon
Page 232 and 233: POSTSCRIPT 223 Chopin Soo and Marti
Page 234 and 235: POSTSCRIPT 225 speed of light with
Page 236 and 237: GLOSSARY 227 cannot be greater than
Page 238 and 239: GLOSSARY 229 event In relativity th
Page 240 and 241: GLOSSARY 231 Newton's gravitational
Page 244 and 245: SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING ...
Page 246 and 247: SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 237
Page 248 and 249: SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 239
Page 250 and 251: INDEX .............................
Page 252 and 253: INDEX 243 black hole, 70, 73±4, 17
Page 254 and 255: INDEX 245 black hole formation, 189
show all

Three Roads To Quantum Gravity

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?