INDEX ............................................................................................ absolute space, 19, 212 absolute time, 23, 212 academic environment, 181, 208±9 acceleration, 77±83, 86 aether theory, 114 Ambjùrn, Jan, 140 Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni, 143 Anagnastopoulos, Kostas, 140 angular momentum, 212 anthropic observation, 197 anthropic principle strong, 197±8 weak, 199 anthropic question, 197 area, 107, 132 Ashtekar, Abhay, 40, 125±6, 130, 191 atoms, 95, 96±9, 103 background, 212 dependent, 25, 121, 212 independent, 25, 212 Baez, John, 139, 140, 191 Bak, Per, 201 Barbour, Julian, 119±121 Bardeen, John, 108 Barrett, John, 140 BCS theory, 108 Bekenstein, Jacob, 86, 91, 105 Bekenstein bound, 105, 169, 171±5, 212±13 Bekenstein's law, 86±7 Bertotti, Bruno, 120 big bang, 63, 198, 199±200 biological systems, 201 black holes, 69±76, 77±8, 80, 88±94, 104, 169, 188±92, 213 appearance, 77 entropy, 90, 93, 101±2, 189, 191 evaporation, 92 formation, 189±90 horizon, 70, 73±4, 175, 191, 213 horizon area, 90, 91 memory, 191 quantum, 100±2, 188±9 radiation, 92 singularities, 192 temperature, 90, 91±2 universe creation within, 200 Boltzmann, Ludwig, 99 bosons, 158, 213 branes, 189±90, 213 Bruegmann, Bernd, 132 Butter®eld, Jeremy, 46 C-theory, 182 carbon chemistry, 200, 202 causal past, 54, 217 causal structure, 59, 213 causal universe, 54±9 causality, 50±1, 53±60, 211, 213 change, 23±4, 53 Chicago University, 123 circle, smallest radius, 163±4 classical physics, 213
242 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY classical theory, 213 Coleman, Sidney, 6 colour-electric ®elds, 111±12, 115 computer metaphor, 56±7 Connes, Alain, 11, 138, 187±8, 210 consistent histories, 43±5, 213 context dependence, 46±7 continuous space, 214 continuum, 214 Cooper, Leon, 108 Corichi, Alejandro, 191 cosmological logic, 28±32 cosmological natural selection, 200±1 Crane, Louis, 47, 123±4, 127, 128, 129, 139, 175 critical temperature, 108 curvature tensor, 147±8, 214 D-planets, 182 Darwin, Charles, 20 Das, Ashok, 119 Davies, Paul, 91 Dawkins, Richard, 19 decoherence, 43 degree of freedom, 164, 214 Descartes, ReneÂ, 182 Deser, Stanley, 6, 121 DeWitt, Bryce, 119, 127 diffeomorphism, 128, 214 dimension compacti®cation, 160 discreteness, 95±6, 104, 117, 131, 143, 145, 163±6, 169±70, 214 double slit experiment, 38 Dowker, Fay, 43±4 duality, 113±15, 117±118, 214 economics, 32 Ehrenfest, Paul, 100 Einstein, Albert, 99±100, 146±9 equations, 59, 214 Einstein±Podolsky±Rosen experiment, 38, 84 electric ®eld, 21, 22, 83, 110 electric superconductor, 110 electromagnetism, 150, 214 electron wave, 150 ellipse theory, 150, 182 energy, 82±3 entropy, 84±6, 87, 90, 97, 98, 99, 214 black hole, 90, 93, 101±2, 189, 191 equilibrium, 214 equivalence principle, 81 Euclidean space, 19, 203 events, 53, 58, 215 Everett, Francis, 41 Everett, Hugh, 42, 43 falling bodies, 181±2 fermions, 158, 215 Feyerabend, Paul, 8 Feynman, Richard, 137, 151 Feynman diagram, 152±6, 215 ®elds, 20±1, 83, 114, 215 Finkelstein, David, 11 fractal spacetime, 124 future, 54, 215 future light cone, 58, 215 Galileo Galilei, 182±3 Gambini, Rodolfo, 132±4 Gell-Mann, Murray, 44 general relativity, 3, 4, 20, 21, 23, 24±5, 57, 59, 120±1, 139, 215 God, 197, 206 God of The Gap, 199 God of the Gaps, 197 graphs, 115, 215 gravitational constant, 217 gravitational ®eld, 21±2 gravitational waves, 60, 151 gravitons, 122, 151, 184 gravity, 5 Hartle, James, 43, 44, 129 Harvard graduate school, 115 Hawking, Stephen, 91, 119 Hawking radiation, 92, 215 Hawking's law, 91 Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, 36, 165, 220 hidden regions, 70±2, 104 hidden variables, 215±16 holographic principle, 170±8, 210 strong, 175±7 weak, 175, 177±8 horizons, 72, 80, 216
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