Three Roads To Quantum Gravity

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SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING ............................................................................................ Here I give a brief list of sources where the interested reader can ®nd more information about the topics discussed. More information will be available on a Website, http://www.qgravity.org. INTRODUCTION AND POPULAR TEXTS .................................................................. Many books aim to introduce the reader to the basic ideas of quantum theory and general relativity. They cater to all different levels, from comic books and children's books to philosophical treatises. There are so many that the reader is advised to go to the science section of a good bookshop, look at the various books on quantum theory and relativity, read the ®rst few pages of each and take the one you like best. The reader may also ®nd it interesting to look at the popularizations by the inventors of these theories: Bohr, Einstein, Heisenberg and SchroÈdinger have all written introductions to their work for the layperson. My own Life of the Cosmos (Oxford University Press, New York and Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1996) introduces the basic ideas of quantum theory and general relativity in Parts 4 and 5. Brian Greene's The Elegant Universe (Norton, 1999) gives a very good introduction to the basic ideas of string theory and the problems it currently faces. Roger Penrose's books, especially the Emperor's New Mind (Oxford University Press, 1989), are a good introduction to the problem of quantum gravity and quantum black holes, emphasizing of course his own point of view.
236 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY REFERENCE TO THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE ........................................................................ Virtually the whole of the scienti®c literature on topics relevant to theoretical physics since 1991 is available in an electronic archive, which can be found at http://xxx.lanl.gov/. Note that while you generally have to have a professional af®liation to publish at this site, anyone can download and read the articles archived there. The papers of relevance to this book are mostly found in the archives hep-th and grqc. A search for the people mentioned below will return a list of the papers which underlie the developments described. Another very good source for the ideas and mathematical developments used in quantum gravity is John Baez's Website, This Week's Finds in Mathematical Physics, at http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/ TWF.html. He also has a nice online tutorial introduction to general relativity at http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/gr/gr.html. The reader wanting a general introduction to the history of quantum gravity and its basic issues may ®nd the following articles interesting: Carlo Rovelli, `Notes for a brief history of quantum gravity', gr-qc/0006061; Carlo Rovelli, `<strong>Quantum</strong> spacetime ± what do we know?', gr-qc/ 9903045, and Lee Smolin, `The new universe around the next corner', in Physics World, December 1999. Most of the following key references are in the xxx.lanl.gov archive. A more complete list of references is available at the Website mentioned above. CHAPTER 2 The discussion of the logic of observers inside the universe is based on F. Markopoulou, `The internal description of a causal set: What the universe looks like from the inside', gr-qc/9811053, Commun. Math. Phys. 211 (2000) 559±583. CHAPTER 3 The consistent histories interpretation is described in R.B. Grif®ths, Journal of Statistical Physics 36 (1984) 219; R. Omnes, Journal of Statistical Physics 53 (1988) 893; and M. Gell-Mann and J.B. Hartle in Complexity, Entropy, and the Physics of Information, SFI Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, Vol. VIII, edited by W. Zurek (Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990). The criticisms of Kent and Dowker are found in Fay Dowker and Adrian Kent, `On the consistent histories approach to quantum mechanics', Journal of Statistical Physics. 82 (1996) 1575. Gell-Mann and Hartle comment in `Equivalent sets of histories and multiple quasiclassical realms', gr-qc/9404013; J. B. Hartle, gr-qc/
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CHAPTER 2 .........................
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II WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED
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CHAPTER 7 .........................
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CHAPTER 11 ........................
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CHAPTER 12 ........................
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THE HOLOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLE 171 gener
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THE HOLOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLE 173 FIGUR
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HOW TO WEAVE A STRING 181 thing!" I
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HOW TO WEAVE A STRING 183 other. Th
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Page 216 and 217: EPILOGUE: .........................
Page 218 and 219: EPILOGUE: 209 And quantum gravity i
Page 220 and 221: EPILOGUE: 211 of systems containing
Page 222 and 223: POSTSCRIPT 213 These cosmic rays ar
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Page 226 and 227: POSTSCRIPT 217 light, which is the
Page 228 and 229: POSTSCRIPT 219 This is good news in
Page 230 and 231: POSTSCRIPT 221 But there is a secon
Page 232 and 233: POSTSCRIPT 223 Chopin Soo and Marti
Page 234 and 235: POSTSCRIPT 225 speed of light with
Page 236 and 237: GLOSSARY 227 cannot be greater than
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Page 240 and 241: GLOSSARY 231 Newton's gravitational
Page 242 and 243: GLOSSARY 233 spin The angular momen
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Page 250 and 251: INDEX .............................
Page 252 and 253: INDEX 243 black hole, 70, 73±4, 17
Page 254 and 255: INDEX 245 black hole formation, 189
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Three Roads To Quantum Gravity

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