Three Roads To Quantum Gravity

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INDEX ............................................................................................ absolute space, 19, 212 absolute time, 23, 212 academic environment, 181, 208±9 acceleration, 77±83, 86 aether theory, 114 Ambjùrn, Jan, 140 Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni, 143 Anagnastopoulos, Kostas, 140 angular momentum, 212 anthropic observation, 197 anthropic principle strong, 197±8 weak, 199 anthropic question, 197 area, 107, 132 Ashtekar, Abhay, 40, 125±6, 130, 191 atoms, 95, 96±9, 103 background, 212 dependent, 25, 121, 212 independent, 25, 212 Baez, John, 139, 140, 191 Bak, Per, 201 Barbour, Julian, 119±121 Bardeen, John, 108 Barrett, John, 140 BCS theory, 108 Bekenstein, Jacob, 86, 91, 105 Bekenstein bound, 105, 169, 171±5, 212±13 Bekenstein's law, 86±7 Bertotti, Bruno, 120 big bang, 63, 198, 199±200 biological systems, 201 black holes, 69±76, 77±8, 80, 88±94, 104, 169, 188±92, 213 appearance, 77 entropy, 90, 93, 101±2, 189, 191 evaporation, 92 formation, 189±90 horizon, 70, 73±4, 175, 191, 213 horizon area, 90, 91 memory, 191 quantum, 100±2, 188±9 radiation, 92 singularities, 192 temperature, 90, 91±2 universe creation within, 200 Boltzmann, Ludwig, 99 bosons, 158, 213 branes, 189±90, 213 Bruegmann, Bernd, 132 Butter®eld, Jeremy, 46 C-theory, 182 carbon chemistry, 200, 202 causal past, 54, 217 causal structure, 59, 213 causal universe, 54±9 causality, 50±1, 53±60, 211, 213 change, 23±4, 53 Chicago University, 123 circle, smallest radius, 163±4 classical physics, 213
242 THREE ROADS TO QUANTUM GRAVITY classical theory, 213 Coleman, Sidney, 6 colour-electric ®elds, 111±12, 115 computer metaphor, 56±7 Connes, Alain, 11, 138, 187±8, 210 consistent histories, 43±5, 213 context dependence, 46±7 continuous space, 214 continuum, 214 Cooper, Leon, 108 Corichi, Alejandro, 191 cosmological logic, 28±32 cosmological natural selection, 200±1 Crane, Louis, 47, 123±4, 127, 128, 129, 139, 175 critical temperature, 108 curvature tensor, 147±8, 214 D-planets, 182 Darwin, Charles, 20 Das, Ashok, 119 Davies, Paul, 91 Dawkins, Richard, 19 decoherence, 43 degree of freedom, 164, 214 Descartes, ReneÂ, 182 Deser, Stanley, 6, 121 DeWitt, Bryce, 119, 127 diffeomorphism, 128, 214 dimension compacti®cation, 160 discreteness, 95±6, 104, 117, 131, 143, 145, 163±6, 169±70, 214 double slit experiment, 38 Dowker, Fay, 43±4 duality, 113±15, 117±118, 214 economics, 32 Ehrenfest, Paul, 100 Einstein, Albert, 99±100, 146±9 equations, 59, 214 Einstein±Podolsky±Rosen experiment, 38, 84 electric ®eld, 21, 22, 83, 110 electric superconductor, 110 electromagnetism, 150, 214 electron wave, 150 ellipse theory, 150, 182 energy, 82±3 entropy, 84±6, 87, 90, 97, 98, 99, 214 black hole, 90, 93, 101±2, 189, 191 equilibrium, 214 equivalence principle, 81 Euclidean space, 19, 203 events, 53, 58, 215 Everett, Francis, 41 Everett, Hugh, 42, 43 falling bodies, 181±2 fermions, 158, 215 Feyerabend, Paul, 8 Feynman, Richard, 137, 151 Feynman diagram, 152±6, 215 ®elds, 20±1, 83, 114, 215 Finkelstein, David, 11 fractal spacetime, 124 future, 54, 215 future light cone, 58, 215 Galileo Galilei, 182±3 Gambini, Rodolfo, 132±4 Gell-Mann, Murray, 44 general relativity, 3, 4, 20, 21, 23, 24±5, 57, 59, 120±1, 139, 215 God, 197, 206 God of The Gap, 199 God of the Gaps, 197 graphs, 115, 215 gravitational constant, 217 gravitational ®eld, 21±2 gravitational waves, 60, 151 gravitons, 122, 151, 184 gravity, 5 Hartle, James, 43, 44, 129 Harvard graduate school, 115 Hawking, Stephen, 91, 119 Hawking radiation, 92, 215 Hawking's law, 91 Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, 36, 165, 220 hidden regions, 70±2, 104 hidden variables, 215±16 holographic principle, 170±8, 210 strong, 175±7 weak, 175, 177±8 horizons, 72, 80, 216
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“It would be hard to imagine a be
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I POINTS OF DEPARTURE
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CHAPTER 2 .........................
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II WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED
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CHAPTER 7 .........................
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CHAPTER 9 .........................
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CHAPTER 11 ........................
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CHAPTER 12 ........................
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THE HOLOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLE 171 gener
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THE HOLOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLE 173 FIGUR
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THE HOLOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLE 175 the g
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CHAPTER 13 ........................
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HOW TO WEAVE A STRING 181 thing!" I
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HOW TO WEAVE A STRING 183 other. Th
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HOW TO WEAVE A STRING 185 What is r
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HOW TO WEAVE A STRING 187 for a pic
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HOW TO WEAVE A STRING 189 in Einste
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Page 204 and 205: WHAT CHOOSES THE LAWS OF NATURE? 19
Page 216 and 217: EPILOGUE: .........................
Page 218 and 219: EPILOGUE: 209 And quantum gravity i
Page 220 and 221: EPILOGUE: 211 of systems containing
Page 222 and 223: POSTSCRIPT 213 These cosmic rays ar
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Page 226 and 227: POSTSCRIPT 217 light, which is the
Page 228 and 229: POSTSCRIPT 219 This is good news in
Page 230 and 231: POSTSCRIPT 221 But there is a secon
Page 232 and 233: POSTSCRIPT 223 Chopin Soo and Marti
Page 234 and 235: POSTSCRIPT 225 speed of light with
Page 236 and 237: GLOSSARY 227 cannot be greater than
Page 238 and 239: GLOSSARY 229 event In relativity th
Page 240 and 241: GLOSSARY 231 Newton's gravitational
Page 242 and 243: GLOSSARY 233 spin The angular momen
Page 244 and 245: SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING ...
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Page 248 and 249: SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 239
Page 252 and 253: INDEX 243 black hole, 70, 73±4, 17
Page 254 and 255: INDEX 245 black hole formation, 189
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