Chapter 3 Decision Support Model (IUWS-DSM) - Tubdok

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 4 · Discussion and Conclusion 91 planning, and 6. Governance and institutions. It focuses more on the practice with the goal of sustainable urban water management. The third and fourth projects have rather the same framework and aims as the first one, which are implemented just nationwide. Both projects are ongoing projects and announce that eventually the decision making tools for planning IUWSs will be provided. It would be worthwhile to share our research with other projects. Table 35: Example projects of IUWSs no. example projects 1 Project: Integrated Urban Water System Interactions Organisation: UNESCO - IHP Division of Water Sciences, France Objective: an expanded knowledge base related to the interactions of man-made systems in the urban environment and development applicable tools and approaches. Webpage: http://www.aquatic.unesco.lodz.pl/index.php?p=integrated_urban_water_system 2 Project: SWITCH, Sustainable Water Management Improves Tomorrow’s Cities’ Health Organisation: research groups and partners, implemented and co-funded by the EU Objective: catalyses of change towards more sustainable urban water management in the "City of the Future". Webpage: http://www.switchurbanwater.eu 3 Project: Urban Water: Integrated Water Systems Organisation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia Objective: an approach for planning and management of urban water systems to plan and manage water supply, wastewater and storm water systems in a coordinated manner. Webpage: http://www.csiro.au/science/ps3k3.html 4 Project: Integrated Urban Water Management Organisation: Delft Cluster, the Netherland Objective: an integrated set of tools that can be used to forecast and optimise development and management of water systems in urban areas. Webpage: http://www.delftcluster.nl/website/en/page72.asp 4.2 Decision support model (IUWS-DSM) Based on the new conception, the DSM is established, i.e. IUWS-DSM. Certain procedures with nested structure are established for planning water entities especially in the hierarchy. The iteration is needed in order to attain the optimised solutions. Being a flexible approach, the procedure can be used to plan water entities on different system scales. As the cardinal element, decision making polices are constructed. It is divided into five sections, i.e. water sources, water supply, collection system, used water and rainwater. The decision making mechanisms are developed, which can be easily followed by model users. The decisions making rules are set up that are relatively rough, as this research intends to build up the framework rather than gather the detailed existing information. Thereby, to detail and consummate the decision making rules can be the emphasis in the next step.
92 New Conception and Decision Support Model for IUWS Cost and energy consumption are chosen as the criteria for system evaluation. For cost estimation, the empirical cost functions are introduced and adapted by the IUWS-DSM as the default method. Though it is the simple method, the large statistical data are required for generating the cost functions. Meanwhile, the functions are location related, which means different countries and regions have different functions. Thus, since one of main goals of this work is to build up a general DSM, none specified functions are included. Cost estimation is the essential criterion for estimating IUWSs. Energy consumption is involved, as it was less focused in the past, and as it is one of the critical issues today. The same as cost estimation, a procedure of energy assessment is developed, instead of providing the concrete values of energy consumption. Currently, the information of energy use in urban WIS is still deficient. There are ongoing projects of energy optimisation for water supply (e.g. TUHH 1 ) and wastewater systems (e.g. DWA 2 ), which follow the definition of conventional water systems. The results of those projects may be used to enhance the IUWS-DSM. In the meantime, based on the concept of IUWS, such kinds of projects shall be joined together, so that a holistic view of energy consumption in urban water system can be obtained. The comparison of system options focuses on two aspects that are water usage and WIS. Likewise, the comparison methods are particularly developed for the hierarchy of the IUWS. The comparison of WIS is rather complicated, not only because of the integration of desired water, used water and rainwater systems, but also due to the hierarchical structure. This research develops the general method to perform the proper comparison for WIS, the model users can make their desired the comparison based on the same methods. 4.3 Uncertainty of urban water systems As the complicated aggregate, vicissitude of a city is uncertain, which results in an uncertainty of water demand, whereat the urban water system has to cope with. In the new conception, the urban water system is broken down to four hierarchical levels and thereby, water systems are planned based on independent and interrelated water entities, which provide the chance to look individually into the variation of water demand. Thus, the uncertainty of water demand is reduced. Some facts causing uncertainty are summarised in Table 36 followed by their affects and variation tendency of water demand. The IUWS-DSM can properly deal with the uncertainty caused by the city development, which can help to carry out proper system options. Climate change is the less known issue but having a tremendous impact on the whole system. Therewith, the evident and latent interrelations between climate change and urban water systems are not revealed. Consequently, the further investigation and research can be accomplished. 1 Energieeffizienz / Energieeinsparung in der Wasserversorgung (Energy efficiency / energy saving in water supply systems), http://www.tu-harburg.de/wwv/energie/index.html (in German) 2 Forschungsvorhaben zur Energieoptimierung auf Kläranlagen (Reserach project of energy optimisation in WWTP), http://www.dwa.de/ (in German)
Page 2 and 3:
New Conception and Decision Support
Page 4 and 5:
Acknowledgements By this chance, I
Page 6 and 7:
Contents Indices I TABLES .........
Page 8 and 9:
Indices III 3.6 Realisation Method
Page 10 and 11:
Indices V Table 32: Sheet of averag
Page 12 and 13:
Indices VII Figure 31: Cost estimat
Page 14 and 15:
Definitions term definition & expla
Page 16:
Abstract Indices XI Traditionally,
Page 19 and 20:
2 New Conception and Decision Suppo
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 26 and 27:
Chapter 2 New Conception Chapter 2
Page 28 and 29:
Composition of Modern Urban Water S
Page 30 and 31:
2.1.4.1 water quality Chapter 2 ·
Page 32 and 33:
Chapter 2 · New Conception 15 Aust
Page 34 and 35:
Chapter 2 · New Conception 17 sepa
Page 36 and 37:
Classifcation of Urban Water Treatm
Page 38 and 39:
Chapter 2 · New Conception 21 Thre
Page 40 and 41:
2.1.4.3 conveying system Chapter 2
Page 42 and 43:
Chapter 2 · New Conception 25 of r
Page 44 and 45:
Chapter 2 · New Conception 27 syst
Page 46 and 47:
Chapter 2 · New Conception 29 betw
Page 48 and 49:
General Priority of Water Sources C
Page 50 and 51:
Chapter 2 · New Conception 33 Sing
Page 52 and 53:
Chapter 2 · New Conception 35 irri
Page 54 and 55:
Table 10: System options of used wa
Page 56 and 57:
Chapter 2 · New Conception 39 flus
Page 58 and 59: 2.3 Integrated Urban Water System (
Page 60 and 61: Table 16: Matrix for calculating co
Page 62 and 63: Table 18: Matrix for calculating co
Page 64: external sources City Area (CA) 1 s
Page 67 and 68: 50 New Conception and Decision Supp
Page 107: 90 New Conception and Decision Supp
Page 117 and 118: 100 New Conception and Decision Sup
Page 137 and 138: LuQi.02 LuQi.01 Source: http://www.
Page 139 and 140: Appendix.Figure 8: 3-D map of the c
Page 141 and 142: WUU WUC type area [ha] popul. [capi
Page 147 and 148: Appendix.Table 14: Water demands an
Page 149 and 150: unit: m 3 /d demand : current deman
Page 155 and 156: Appendix.Table 15: Water demands an
Page 157 and 158: Appendix.Table 16: Used water amoun
Page 159 and 160:
Appendix.Table 17: Determination of
Page 161 and 162:
Appendix.Table 18: Water demands an
Page 163:
146 New Conception and Decision Sup
show all

Chapter 3 Decision Support Model (IUWS-DSM) - Tubdok

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?