Chapter 3 Decision Support Model (IUWS-DSM) - Tubdok

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3.3.3 Used water and rainwater collection Chapter 3 · Decision Support Model (IUWS-DSM) 65 Basically the following questions need to be properly answered regarding the collection systems: 1. whether the storm drain is necessary? 2. whether the centralised sewage sewer is necessary? 3. using combined or independent sewerage system? 4. whether SSCS for used water should be applied? The decision making mechanism is therefore developed and laid out in Figure 30. Decision Making Mechanism for . Collection System no need N surface runoff drain needed? Y combined system? stream.1 Y Rainater N N combined system? stream.2 stream.1 stream.3 Y storm drain Used water N sewage sewer combined urban sewerage system N combined system? stream.2 stream.3 urban sewage source separation? Y greywater blackwater Y sewer needed? Y N vacuum system Figure 30: Decision making mechanism for collection system Following the process in Figure 30, first of all the necessity of collection system for both urban sewage and storm water is determined. It can be the case that the storm drain or centralised sewage sewer is not needed, e.g. the precipitation is very low, or the used water is entirely disposed or reused in inferior water entities. Afterwards, the type of sewerage system is decided, i.e. combined or separate (hybrid system is not considered, as it is not a reasonable option that usually happens only in existing systems). In Figure 30, the vacuum system is the addition for handling blackwater. Regarding the types of collection system, although it believes that the separate sewerage system is more environmental friendly, the separate system does not have the inevitable higher priority than combined one. In reality, it is impossible to completely separate two streams. Also, in many cases there is no enough place to bury two pipelines under a narrow street. Besides, the combined sewerage system has advantage of being able to treat the initial surface runoff that can contain a large amount of pollutants that are flushed out from the ground. no need
66 New Conception and Decision Support Model for IUWS There are totally eight options of collection systems, which are listed and explained in Table 26. The recommended general priorities of collection systems are set up mainly by considering the economic, environmental and sanitary aspects. The general decision making criteria for selecting the proper system types are developed and depicted in Table 27. Certainly, the criteria in Table 27 are very rough, which are used to orientate the model users in the early project phase. The detailed design can be achieved by following the professional manuals and books in the coming project stages. Table 26: Possible collection systems and their general priorities no. collection system priority with two streams 1 COMBINED: surface runoff & greywater + vacuum system 2 SEPARATE: a. storm drain b. sewage sewer 3 COMBINED: surface runoff & urban sewage 4 SEPARATE: a. storm drain b. greywater sewer + vacuum system with one stream 5 greywater sewer + vacuum system (no storm drain) 6 urban sewage sewer (no storm drain) 7 only storm drain (no sewage sewer) 8 non of storm drain and sewage sewer conditions and considerations 1 Combined system is more economic. SSCS is applied for better water reuse and resources recovery. Greywater has better hygienic conditions than urban sewage so it suggests using combined system. Blackwater system can recover nutrients & energy. It is most recommended option. 2 It believes that it is more environmental friendly. Doubled conduit systems make it more expensive. It requires more underground spaces which can be critical in urban area. 3 Most existing systems are combined systems. It is more economical but less environmental friendly. It has higher environmental risks with the overflow problems. 4 It is most expensive option, besides doubled conduit systems, vacuum system is also involved. It can be the system with higher security and more environmental friendly. It has lower priority due to its very high cost. [1] -- [1] no priority, as they are the special situations. Storm drain is unnecessary based on the actual conditions (criteria in Table 27). SSCS is applied for better water reuse and resources recovery. [1] -- It is the conventional sewerage system, where storm drain is unnecessary. [1] -- Sewage sewer is no need, as the sewage or greywater and blackwater has/have been already disposed or reused in inferior water entities. [1] -- Both storm drain and sewage sewer are unnecessary in the conditions that are described above.
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New Conception and Decision Support
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Acknowledgements By this chance, I
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Contents Indices I TABLES .........
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Indices III 3.6 Realisation Method
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Indices V Table 32: Sheet of averag
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Indices VII Figure 31: Cost estimat
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Definitions term definition & expla
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Abstract Indices XI Traditionally,
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2 New Conception and Decision Suppo
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Chapter 2 New Conception Chapter 2
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Composition of Modern Urban Water S
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2.1.4.1 water quality Chapter 2 ·
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Page 36 and 37: Classifcation of Urban Water Treatm
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Page 48 and 49: General Priority of Water Sources C
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LuQi.02 LuQi.01 Source: http://www.
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Appendix.Figure 8: 3-D map of the c
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WUU WUC type area [ha] popul. [capi
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Appendix.Table 14: Water demands an
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unit: m 3 /d demand : current deman
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Appendix.Table 16: Used water amoun
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Appendix.Table 17: Determination of
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Chapter 3 Decision Support Model (IUWS-DSM) - Tubdok

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