Chapter 3 Decision Support Model (IUWS-DSM) - Tubdok

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3.2.1 General procedure General Planning Procedure for Water Entities Chapter 3 · Decision Support Model (IUWS-DSM) 51 Following the conception given in § 2.3.2, the planning procedure falls into two stages with eight designing steps (Figure 25). This general procedure is the base for planning all four types of water entities. step main work and aims Stage One: water usage management 1 request basic planning information 2 ascertain possible EUWUP, assess the water usage scenarios 3 evaluate available and possible water sources 4 determine the planning principles of water system Stage Two: design of WIS 5 appraise the system sizes 6 estimate systems costs 7 evaluate system energy consumption 8 compare the different system options, generate the advisable system options Figure 25: General planning procedure for water entities Stage One. Water demand, sewage generation and water sources are determined and matched. The optimised water usage is thereby found out, which acts as the footstone of the next stage. Corresponding to Figure 25, each step is explained as follows. Step 1. First of all, basic information of water entity is requested, such as the area sizes, the planned or existent population. If it is WUU or WUC, its type needs to be confirmed so that its EUWUP can be determined (see Figure 12). Other information, like green area, road area, water bodies (rivers or ponds) should also be given but not compulsory. The suggested data-acquiring forms (i.e. tables) are built up and shown in Appendix 1.1. Step 2. Afterwards, the water usage of water entity is measured. As discussed in previous chapter, the EUWUP is set up for grouped end-users, which is pre-defined and stored in database. Therefore, the water usage of WUC and WUU is simply obtained based on their types and sizes and the corresponding EUWUP, where the water usage of UD and CA are calculated based on their affiliated water entities. Each water entity can use several EUWUP, which represent different scenarios. Step 3. Subsequently, the water sources of the planned water entity are inspected and matched to the water demands. The water quantity and quality of each possible water source are measured. If several water sources are available, the priorities of water sources need to
52 New Conception and Decision Support Model for IUWS be determined. The general priorities of water sources are discussed in § 3.3.1. The dataacquiring table is set up in Appendix 1.2. Step 4. Based on water usage and water sources, the planning principles are set up, e.g., with single or dual water supply system, with combined or separate sewerage system, with or without rainwater utilisation, with or without water reuse, in which manners to reuse water, etc. The principles guide the calculation and comparison of WIS in the next stage. Regarding the water sources, besides the actual data, there are four additional calculations, i.e. surface runoff utilisation, roof-water utilisation, indirect potable reuse, and direct non-potable reuse. The calculation methods are introduced as follows. Calculation: surface runoff utilisation. The amount of surface runoff that is converted to the local water source can be calculated with the simple method: Q ( c ⋅ P ⋅ A ⋅ μ) 365 srfc.runoff = srfc. runoff ann. srfc. where: Qsrfc.runoff – daily usable rainwater, m 3 /d csrfc.runoff – average coefficient of surface runoff collection, - Pann. – annual precipitation, m Asrfc. – ground catchment area, m 2 μ – percentage of surface runoff used for groundwater recharge, - Calculation: roof-water utilisation. Eq. (2) is the general method to calculate the daily availability of roof-water. The rainfall may distribute unevenly over months, so the storage tanks are essential to compensate it. As the good reference, German standard of DIN 1989 (2002) provides the detailed methods to calculate and install the appropriate rainwater tanks. Q ( c ⋅ P ⋅ A ⋅η) 365 rf.wa. = rf . wa. ann. roof where: Qrf.wa. – daily usable rainwater, m 3 /d crf.wa. – coefficient of roof-water collection, - Pann. – annual precipitation, m Aroof – projected usable roof area, m 2 η – effectiveness of filter, 0,9 ~ 0,95 ( Fraunhofer 2004) Calculation: indirect potable reuse. All collected used water can be treated to the suitable quality and supplement to local water sources. It can be simply calculated as: Q = c ⋅ Q indrct.reu. used . wa. used . wa. where: Qindrct.reu. – water amount of indirect potable reuse, m 3 /d cused.wa. – coefficient of used water reclamation, - Qused.wa. – collected used water amount, m 3 /d ( 1) ( 2) ( 3)
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New Conception and Decision Support
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Acknowledgements By this chance, I
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Contents Indices I TABLES .........
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Indices III 3.6 Realisation Method
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Indices V Table 32: Sheet of averag
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Indices VII Figure 31: Cost estimat
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Definitions term definition & expla
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Abstract Indices XI Traditionally,
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Page 28 and 29: Composition of Modern Urban Water S
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LuQi.02 LuQi.01 Source: http://www.
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Appendix.Figure 8: 3-D map of the c
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WUU WUC type area [ha] popul. [capi
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Appendix.Table 14: Water demands an
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unit: m 3 /d demand : current deman
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Appendix.Table 16: Used water amoun
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Appendix.Table 17: Determination of
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Chapter 3 Decision Support Model (IUWS-DSM) - Tubdok

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