Chapter 3 Decision Support Model (IUWS-DSM) - Tubdok

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Chapter 3 · Decision Support Model (IUWS-DSM) 81 Likewise, Figure 36 is an example showing the water usage of UD. Since the first option is almost the same as second one, it is skipped for simplifying the graph. The local sources (as loc.src.(UD)) are added into the third options because the reclaimed water anyway turns to the local water source through the indirect potable reuse. On the contrary, it is skipped in the fourth option of direct non-potable reuse in order to reduce the system complexity. As water reuse system can only be involved once, three options, i.e. directly reuse in WUU, indirect reuse in UD and direct reuse in UD, are mutually exclusive. In this example, the suface runoff utilisation is not considered in UD as it is utilised in CA. The graph already clearly shows different parts of water usage including demands, water source composition and discharged used water, as well as the relations in between. Thereby, the graph helps to make decision in the way of considering both water supply and used water management simultaneously. m 3 /d 6000 4000 2000 0 -2000 -4000 WUU: ext.src. +rf.wa. +drct. reuse Water Usage of UD (as demonstration) +both WUU: ext.src. +rf.wa. WUU: ext.src. +rf.wa. UD: ext.src. (+loc.src.) UD: +indrct.reuse UD: +drct.reuse Scenario 1 Figure 36: Water usage of UD (demonstration) drct.reuse (UD) indrct.reuse (UD) ext.src. (UD) loc.src. (UD) wa.demand (UD) used.wa.->disch. Up to CA, its water usage is the superimposition of its affiliated UDs and WUUs. In the same way, the required external source in UD is the water demand of CA (as wa.dmnd.(CA) in Figure 37. Meanwhile, for better revealing the relation between water demand and water sources, the water amounts of local sources of CA (as loc.src.(CA)) and surface runoff utilisation (as srfc.runoff(CA)) are presented in Figure 37. For representing the complicated situation, the local source of UD (as loc.src(UD)) is also involved and its covered water demand is correspondingly subtracted from CA. In actual projects, the situation is normally simpler than it in Figure 37. There are generally two situations in CA: 1. combination of local source and indirect potable reuse; as CA: loc.src. + indrct.reuse 2. combination of local source and external source. as CA: loc.src. + ext.src. Following the same rule, if water is indirect potable reused in CA, the reuse options in UD and WUU do not take place, whereby only two cases are in the first situation. If external sources (as ext.src.(CA)) is considered, all other options in UD and WUU can be involved
82 New Conception and Decision Support Model for IUWS Figure 37 provides the chance to compare the the water usage from different angles. Indirect potable reuse in CA consumes the most water but discharge the least used water. Indirect potable reuse in UD stays in the medium condition considering both water withdrawal and used water discharge. Using the options of roof-water and direct non-potable reuse in WUU and local sources in UD together has the lowest water withdrawal with the medium level of used water discharge. And whatever in which situation, roof-water utilisation reduces the water withdrawal. Such kind of analyses and comparison can be further performed based on the graph. If it is helpful, it can go back to UD and WUU in order to find out the optimal water usage. Moreover, the same comparison can be carried out between different water usage scenarios, which are not verbosely described here. There can be some options that are appropriate, and which are the better ones may not be directly identified based on the water usage. Therefore, further comparison for WIS needs to be achieved based on system costs and energy consumption. 10 3 m 3 /d 200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 WUU: ext.src. +rf.wa. UD:ext.src. (+loc.src.) CA: loc.src. +indrct.reuse Scenario 1 WUU: ext.src. Water Usage of CA (as demonstration) +rf.wa. +drct. reuse +both WUU: basic +rf.wa. WUU: ext.src. UD: ext.src. (+loc.src.) UD:+indrct.reuse UD:+drct.reuse CA: loc.src. +ext.src. +rf.wa. Figure 37: Water usage of CA (demonstration) ext.src. (CA) indrct.reuse (CA) srfc.runoff (CA) loc.src. (CA) loc.src. (UD) used.wa.->disch. wa.demand (CA) In a holistic view, the relations between total water demands and water sources need to be revealed. As defined in § 1.3.3, the model copes with two situations: 1. planning of new area and 2. expansion of existing area. Both situations are presented together in Figure 38. All possible sources are given for satisfying the maximum possible water demand. The maximal amount of reused water is adapted in order to represent the extreme situation. All water sources depicted from bottom to top in the figure are in the same sequence as their general priorities given in Table 19. The total water demands in IUWS can be various in different scenarios based on different EUWUPs. Figure 38 clearly shows the relations between water demands and sources, which help model users to determine the suitable water scenarios and properly organise the water sources.
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New Conception and Decision Support
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Acknowledgements By this chance, I
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Contents Indices I TABLES .........
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Indices III 3.6 Realisation Method
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Indices V Table 32: Sheet of averag
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Indices VII Figure 31: Cost estimat
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Definitions term definition & expla
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Abstract Indices XI Traditionally,
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2 New Conception and Decision Suppo
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Chapter 2 New Conception Chapter 2
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Composition of Modern Urban Water S
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2.1.4.1 water quality Chapter 2 ·
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Chapter 2 · New Conception 15 Aust
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Chapter 2 · New Conception 17 sepa
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Classifcation of Urban Water Treatm
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Chapter 2 · New Conception 21 Thre
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2.1.4.3 conveying system Chapter 2
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Chapter 2 · New Conception 25 of r
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Chapter 2 · New Conception 27 syst
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Chapter 2 · New Conception 29 betw
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unit: m 3 /d demand : current deman
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Appendix.Table 15: Water demands an
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Appendix.Table 16: Used water amoun
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Appendix.Table 17: Determination of
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Appendix.Table 18: Water demands an
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146 New Conception and Decision Sup
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Chapter 3 Decision Support Model (IUWS-DSM) - Tubdok

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