Chapter 3 Decision Support Model (IUWS-DSM) - Tubdok

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Chapter 3 · Decision Support Model (IUWS-DSM) 55 The water demand of UD is the summation of the demands of its WUU. Since one UD contains a number of WUU and each WUU can have several possible water demands, the water demand of UD can be many possibilities due to the combination. As explicated in 2.2.1.3, the simplication is taken in order to reduce the variations, whereby only the same water usage scenarios are summed, e.g. scenario 1 of all WUUs in the same UD are summed as scenario 1 of water usage for the UD. The water usage of CA is carried out in the same ways but with the summation of its UD. Such kind of summation represents the extreme situations covering the range where other possibilities fall into. As the planning tool for the early phase of projects, such simplification is appropriate as it generates suitable solutions but dramatically reduce the calculation work. UD can have individual water sources, but with the second priority. It means in normal situation the water supplied from CA is considered for UD in the first. Only when the source water from CA has either quantity shortage or quality issues, the local water sources in UD will be taken into account. In CA, local water sources are always considered firstly, where external sources have lower priorities. More detailed decision making mechanism and rules for water source selection are given in § 3.3.1. Though having redundant water sources result in a more secure supply system, it causes also a more complicated and expensive system. Initially it is not in the concern of this model, and it keeps open for planners to consider redundant water sources in their systems. The methods for determining the sizes of WIS are described in § 3.4.1. The methods for estimating system costs and evaluating energy consumption are introduced and discussed in § 3.4.2 and § 3.4.3. The comparison methods are explicated in § 3.5. 3.3 Decision making policies If there is more than one option, the decision has to be made. Following the design procedure and based on the subsystem options, a flowchart is developed, whereby the positions for making decisions are clearly revealed (Figure 27). Three blocks are built up from top to bottom in Figure 27. The first block water usage & sources just represents Stage One of the planning procedure shown in Figure 25. The third bock subsystem options & applicability summarises the information from Table 8, Table 9, Table 10, Table 11, Table 12 and Table 13, which determines the WIS that is calculated in Stage Two. The second block decision making positions that connects two parts is just the critical place where the proper dicisions have to be made, which are identified as follows: 1. selection of water sources, 2. supply methods of desired water, 3. collection and transport methods of used water and rainwater, 4. utilisation methods of used water, 5. utilisation methods of rainwater. The corresponding decision making policies are thereby developed.
56 New Conception and Decision Support Model for IUWS water usage & sources decision making positions subsystem applicability options Systematic Schema of Decision Making Process water sources investigation organization & matching Subsystem: water source CA UD WUU WUC loc. src. local sources ext. src. external sources Subsystem: Desired water 3.3.1 Water sources quality A water usage determination analysis & optimisation single dual single networks quality B/C dual networks Subsystem: Used water mixed separate sewage (+ rain) no reuse - disposal Abbreviations: ext. src. – external sources loc. src. – local sources srfc. – surface direct non-potable reuse greywater (+ rain) indirect potable reuse combined separate blackwater Figure 27: Systematic schemma of decision making process storage treatment Legend: parallel systems/options surface runoff no use - elimination alternatives (decision making point) indirect utilisation (srfc.runoff) Subsystem: Rainwater As categorised in § 2.2.2, there are two sorts of water sources with seven types. The external source of superior water entity is the man-made type in the purpose of planning water entities independently. One water entity can have several water sources and it is possible that either one of them is able to satisfy the water demand. So the general priorities of water sources regarding the types of water entities are set up in Table 19. Primarily, the local natural sources, i.e. groundwater and surface water are considered as the main water sources, which have various subtypes and different accessibilit. The selection of natural water sources is well developed and practised, whereby no further discussion is made for them. Based on the conception and hierarchy of IUWS, other water sources are investigated and thereafter, general priority and determination mechanism are developed. Rainwater is considered as the additional source. Two utilisation methods have different applicability. The groundwater augmentation is a long-term process that is implemented in UD and WUU. If additional treatment is necessary, it is suggested implementing only in UD due to the economies of scales. Since it turns to the groundwater, it is not dealed with apart from groundwater afterwards. Having only small scales, roof-water utilisation is applied to WUU and WUC. As the groundwater augmentation is a more environmental friendly and natural-like process, and has less facilities and maintenance requirement (but not always), it has higher priority than roof-water utilisation in principle. roofwater direct utilisation (roof-water)
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New Conception and Decision Support
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Acknowledgements By this chance, I
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Contents Indices I TABLES .........
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Indices III 3.6 Realisation Method
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Indices V Table 32: Sheet of averag
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Indices VII Figure 31: Cost estimat
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Definitions term definition & expla
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Abstract Indices XI Traditionally,
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2 New Conception and Decision Suppo
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Page 48 and 49: General Priority of Water Sources C
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LuQi.02 LuQi.01 Source: http://www.
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Appendix.Figure 8: 3-D map of the c
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WUU WUC type area [ha] popul. [capi
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Appendix.Table 14: Water demands an
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unit: m 3 /d demand : current deman
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Appendix.Table 16: Used water amoun
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Appendix.Table 17: Determination of
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Chapter 3 Decision Support Model (IUWS-DSM) - Tubdok

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