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Egypt’s Position in Technology and Information Led Globalization2. Treatment Policy. This should targetparticular social groups: the poor;women in difficult social conditions; andyoung people whether students, graduates,or dropouts.3. Medicine Policy. For pharmaceuticalproduction, import, and publiccirculation. State intervention in this areashould activate the authorities’ role inmedicine registration, pricing, andcontrol, to stimulate national inventionand R&D in the pharmaceutical industry,and to suggest the necessary policieswith respect to research contracts,priorities, follow-up and assessmentmethods, finance and resource recruitment,taxation etc.4. Activate Pharmaceutical Scientific andTechnological Capabilities and Paths.This is achieved by adopting variousmeasures.5. R&D and Invention. This should beencouraged in order to achievebreakthroughs in the manufacture offinal pharmaceutical products and theirmeans of production. It is necessary, inthis respect, to focus on researchconcerned with the treatment of diseasesof special importance to Egyptiansociety, such as endemic, contagious,tropical, and intestinal diseases, inaddition to those other diseases that havebecome widespread recently. Further, itis necessary to catch-up with thescientific revolution and participate inthe production of pharmaceuticals basedon biotechnology, especially in areas ofspecial importance to society, such asmedication for viral hepatitis, and toextract effective substances frommedicinal herbs and plants that areavailable in the Egyptian and Arabenvironment. As to development, itshould be concerned with improving thecharacteristics of effective substances ofpharmaceutical production in circulation,whether with respect to composition,pharmaceutical form, or effectiveness.Activating R&D requires a change in theorientation of specialized scientificresearch centers where the work of thescientific staff tends to be mainly forpromotion purposes.6. Industrial Deepening. This couldproceed through the following paths:● Manufacturing pharmaceutical rawmaterials from chemical and biologicalorigins.● Producing machines and equipmentnecessary for pharmaceutical factories.● Expanding and modernizing theexisting pharmaceutical industry andrelated activities especially in thefields of:1. Development of pharmaceuticalmixtures, requirements, and packingmaterials and products.2. Expanding the production ofmedications under their generics.3. Exploring the production of newmedicines using public-propertytechnological methods (of thepre-1995 period). This should beaccelerated to achieve the maximumpossible before the end of thegrace period of the TRIPSagreement.Activating Researchand Developmentrequires a change inthe orientation ofspecialized scientificresearch centerswhere the work of thescientific staff tends tobe mainly forpromotion purposes.Egypt Human Development Report 2000/2001 - 93