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Technical Notes and Sources of Data● Annual growth rate of exports %● Annual growth rate of tax revenue %● Direct taxes as % of total taxes● Overall budget surplus (deficit) as % ofGDP at market prices● GDP per capita (LE) and GDP per capita(PPP$) were derived for the country andat the governorate level using nationalincome accounts, provided directly by theMinistry of Planning (MOP), and theresults of CAPMAS’ Household Incomeand Expenditure Survey "(HIES) in themanner described in Section A above.The results of HIES were used in derivingthe next eight indicators. It is noteworthy,however, that a poor person (or household)is defined in the present report as the onewhose expenditure is less than the specifiedpoverty line urban and rural areas. Thefollowing procedure was adopted forestimating poverty lines.(i) The composition required is set to accordwith the observed diet pattern of the poor toreflect their condumption habits and tastes.(ii) The actual diet per adult equivalent inthe reference households was augmented toyield adequate energy intake, i.e.2200caloires daily.(iii) The cost of the selected diet perhoushold was estimated using the actualcurrent prices. The cost of such diet wasestimated as LE 3264 and 3123 for urbanand rural areas respectively. This is consideredas food-based poverty line . Those who arebelow this line are referred to as ultra poor.(iv) Non-food expenditure was estimated forhouseholds who are capable of reachingtheir food requirements, but choose not to soin order to get their essential non-foodneeds. This is the non-food expenditure ofhouseholds whose total expenditure is justequal to the food- based poverty line.Non-foods is added to the food poverty lineto yield poverty line used in this report (i.e,L.E. 4438 and3963 in urban and rural areasrespectively).(v) Indicators of public expenditure onvarious sectors were derived from thegovernment budget published annually bythe Ministry of Finance (MOF). The datarequired for deriving the next twelveindicators on national income accounts wereprovided directly by the Ministry ofPlanning (MOP). These data are regularlyincluded in the successive follow-up reports.Nevertheless, the following observations arepertinent to this type of data;a) The available estimates of sectoral valueadded were always given at the constantprice of the Plan base-year. However theGDP expenditures (namely consumptionand investment) are estimated at currentprices. A resource-use balance is thushard to compile annually.b) The national income accounts have beenfrequently revised by the MOP. Anexplanation is rarely found for revisionsof the estimates. It is understandable thatthe estimates for a late year can be onlypreliminary. But persistent revisions ofthe data not only reduce its credibility,but also complicate the time seriesnecessary for trend analysis.The eight indicators on “resource flowimbalances” were taken or derived from dataavailable in the “Economic Bulletin”published by the NationalBank of Egypt (NBE) and the “AnnualReport” of the Central Bank of Egypt(CBE), with the exception of tradedependency (i.e. exports plus imports as %GDP) which was calculated from dataprovided directly by the Ministry of Planning.The indicators of GDP (growth rates and percapita growth rates), as well as growth ratesof exports are calculated from data provideddirectly by the Ministry of Planning. Finally,the indicators of taxes and budget surplus(deficit) were calculated from data provideddirectly by the Ministry of Finance.Egypt Human Development Report 2000/2001 - 123