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Technical Notes and Sources of Datapattern of regional differences . In the lightof this pattern and the estimated real percapita (PPPs) from national incomeaccounts, the values of real per capita(PPPs) were estimated for individualgovernorates .The following example for Assyoutgovernorate may illustrate the abovementioned steps of calculating humandevelopment index . The estimates of thecomponents of HDI for Assyout are asfollows :- Life expectancy at birth = 65.4- Adult literacy rate % = 46.7- Combined enrollment ratio % = 62.9- Real GDP per capita (PPPs) = 2650.4Using these estimates as well as themaximum and minimum values givenabove, indices of the three components andhuman development index were derived inthe following manner:● life espectancy index:= (65.4-25) (85-25)= 0.673● education index:= 1/3 (.467x2+.629) = 0.521* GDP index:= (log 2650.4-log100)/(log40000-log 100)= 0.547Assyout human development index= 1/3(/673+.521+.547) = 0.580Demographic aspectsThe main sources of demographic data arepopulation censuses, vital registration andspecial national surveys. CAPMAS is theofficial national organization responsible forcarrying out and/or publishing the results ofsome of these sources (population censusesand vital registration) and a major partner orconsultant in carrying out the remainingsources (e.g. national fertility surveys). Thedemographic indicators, derivable from thesesources, reflect the demographic situationand its trends. Some of these indicators areused in other related fields (e.g. health). Inaddition, population figures (total or forspecific categories) are necessary forcomputing many indicators in various fields.The present report includes The followingdemographic indicators ;● Population counts 000’s● Population annual growth rates %● Rural population as % of total● Urban population as % of total● Annual growth rates of urban population%● Population of largest city as % of totalurban● Demographic dependency ratio %● Net lifetime internal migration as % oftotal population● Population density per Km2● Population doubling date at current rate.● Crude birth rate (per 1000 population)● Total fertility rate● Ratio of 1998 fertility to 1960%● Contraceptive prevalence %● Average age at first marriage● Crude death rate (per 1000 population)● Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births)● Under five mortality rate (per 1000 livebirths)● Children dying before age 5● Maternal mortality rate (per 100000 livebirths)● Life expectancy at birth.The first ten indicators listed above werederived from census data and populationprojections. These indicators are given atthe national and regional levels, except netlifetime internal migration which isprovided for each governorate only andpopulation doubling date given at thenational level. The latter indicator iscalculated by the exponential function usingthe annual growth rate of 2.2 % for1996/2000 intercensal period.Mortality measures, crude birth rates andaverage age at first marriage rely on vitalregistration. It is to be noted, however, thatregistered infant deaths suffer fromunder-registration. Therefore, the re-gisteredand adjusted infant and under 5 mortalityrates are given for 1996 Moreover, thereported average at first marriage tends tobe higher than its actual value particularlyin rural areas where families report higherage to escape legal constraints. Lifeexpectancy at birth, at the national andregional levels, in 1976, 1998 and 2000were computed from detailed data on deathsand population by age and gender afterallowing for under-registration of infantdeaths. The maternal mortality rates areEgypt Human Development Report 2000/2001 - 117