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Technical Notes and Sources of Data● Food import dependency ratio %The first two indicators are based on FoodBalance Sheet (FBS) published by Ministryof Agriculture and Land Reclamation. Thenext two indicators about children nutritionare taken from (EDHS 1997, 1998 & 2000)referred to earlier for the country and itsmajor regions. The remaining indicators aregiven at the national level only. Foodproduction per capita index is taken fromthe FAO “Quarterly Bulletin of Statistics”.Agricultural production as % of GDP wasderived from national income accountsprovided by the Ministry of Planning. Foodimports and exports as well as totalmerchandise exports are published annuallyby CAPMAS.The latest four indicators depend on thevalue of local food production, food importsas well as food and total merchandiseexports. The volumes of detailed groups ofcommodities of local food production wereavailable from the Ministry of Agriculture,while the detailed tabulations of volumes ofcommodities of the remaining componentsare published annually byCAPMASThe value of local food production wascomputed by applying FOB prices (i.e. FreeOn Boar) to the volumes of tradablecommodities and producer prices tonon-tradable commodities. The value offood imports were derived by applying CIFprices (i.e. Cost Insurance Freight) whereasFOB prices were applied for computing thevalue of food exports. The overall foodself-sufficiency ratio was derived by divingthe value of local food production by thevalue of total food consumption (i.e. localfood production – food exports + foodimports). On the other hand, food importdependency ratio is computed by dividingthe value of food imports by the value oftotal food consumption.Health and public utilitiesIn addition to health related indicatorscovered by other sections, this reportincludes the following indicators on healthand public utilities.● Population with access to health services%● Pregnant women with prenatal care %● Births attended by health personnel %● Children fully immunized %● Doctors per 10000 people● Nurses per 10000 people● Nurse / doctor ratio %● Beds per 10000 people ( Total andMinistry of Helath only)● Health units per 100000 people● Public expenditure on health as % of total● Public expenditure on health as % of GDP● Population or Households with access topiped water %● Population or Households with access tosanitation %.Health services are constitutionally renderedfree of charge to everyone. However, thefirst indicator is estimated to be 99% in ruralareas compared to complete accessibility inurban areas.The next three indicators are provided forthe country and its major regions by EgyptDemographic and Health Survey (EDHS),1997 and 1998. It may be noted that healthpersonnel attending birth include doctors,nurses, trained midwives. The traditionalbirth attendant (dayas), however, play animportant role, especially in rural areas.The data on total health personnel aredeficient as long as there is no efficientsystem to update their number taking intoaccount some factors such as migration,retirement, on-leave periods, and duplicationin the statistics of personnel in provate andgovernment institutions, The relevantindicators in this report for the country andby governorate include only the healthpersonnel in the Ministry of Health (MOH).Consequently, they may not accuratelyreflect regional disparities in this respect.Bed/population indicators are given for totalbeds and those of the MOH at the nationaland regional levels. The indicators ofhealth-units/population include all healthcare units. The data required for theseindicators by governorate were provided bythe MOH.Indicators of public expenditure on healthdepend on data from Government Budgetpublished annally by the Ministry of120 -Egypt Human DevelopAment Report 2000/2001