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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary 11. Globalization and Human Development 1- Opportunities and Threats 1- Extent of Globalization 1- Nature of Recent Globalization 1- Effects on Human Development 1II. Globalization and the Economic Well-being of Egyptians 2- Income Growth and Human Development 2III. The Challenges of Globalization for Egypt’s Sectors of Production 2- Agriculture 2- Industry 3- Financial Sector 3IV. The Environment and Sustainable Development 4- Environment Degradation and Per Capita Income 4- Effect of Growth on Environment Sustainability 4- Policy Recommendations and Planning Implications 5V. Technology and Information Led Globalization 5- The Digital Divide 5- The National Program for the Digital Gap 5- Globalization and Technology 6VI. Globalization and Human Capital 6- Globalization and the Egyptian Labour Market 6- Globalization and the Egyptian Labour Market 6- Features of the Labour Market in Egypt 6VII. Egypt’s Social Capital and Arab Economic Integration 7- Measuring Social Capital 7- Social Capital and Development 8- Globalization and Social Capital 8- The Effects of Globalization on Egyptian Social Capital 8- Regional Integration and Social Capital 8Chapter One: Globalization and Human Development 9Introduction 9Globalization: Origin and Definition 9Globalization: Opportunities and Threats 11Opportunities 11Threats 12The Net Outcome 14The Extent of Globalization 14Trade in Goods and Services 14Factor Mobility 15The Nature of Recent Globalization 16Globalization and Human Development 16Globalization and Poverty 16Globalization and Inequality 18Globalization and the Quality of Life 18
Chapter Two: The Economic Well Being of Egyptians in a Globalized World 25Determinants of Overall Income 26Impact of Economic Growth and Openness on Income of the Poor 26Trade Openness and Equality of Income 28Combining Growth and Redistribution Effects on Income of the Poor 28Income Growth and Human Development 28Interaction Between Economic Growth and Human Development 30Is There a Causal Relationship Between Human Development and Economic Growth 31The Link from Economic Growth to Human Development 31The Link fromHuman Development to Economic Growth 32The Quality of Life 32Typology of Human development in the Governorates of Egypt 33Tackling the Challenge 35Chapter Three: Globalization Challenges to Egypt’s Production Sectors 42Modernizing Agriculture 42Agricultural Sector Reform 42The Impact on Crop Mix 43Impact on Employment 43Impact on Rural Income 44Impact on Technology Transfer 45Impact on Human Nutrition 47Probable Effects on Globalization 48Agricultural Foreign Trade 48Farm Price Variability 49Germ Plasm (Genetic Resources) 49The Egyptian Manufacturing Sector in a Global Setting 50The Industrial Base 50The Structure of Manufactured Exports 51Competitiveness of Egyptian Industry 52Wages and Productivity 52Revealed Comparative Advantages 53Domestic Competitioners 53Globalization and the Appropriate Export Strategy 55Globalization and Prospects of Egypt’s Industrial Sector 56Strengthening the Financial Sector 57Global Financial Architecture : What to do? 58External Pressures on the Egyptian Economy Since 1997/98 59Mitigating Financial Vulnerability 60Chapter Four: The Environment and Sustainable Development 64Impact of Global Environmental Issues on Egypt 64Climate Change 64Ozone Layer 65Biodiversity 65Marine Environment 67Environmental Degradation and Per Capita Income 67Effect of Growth and Environmental Sustainability 68The Pattern of Industrialization 68
Page 2 and 3: The Digital Divide is a problem tha
Page 4 and 5: This report is the major output of
Page 6 and 7: AcknowledgementsThe Team of the Rep
Page 10 and 11: Energy Consumption 68Agriculture 69
Page 12 and 13: 2.4 Health and Education 332.5 Poli
Page 14 and 15: AbbreviationsADNAADPAIAPRARCB2CBABC
Page 16 and 17: Executive SummaryI - Globalization
Page 18 and 19: Executive Summarythe main source of
Page 20 and 21: Executive Summaryfertilizers, pesti
Page 22 and 23: Executive Summarythe Egyptian labor
Page 24 and 25: Chapter OneGlobalization and Human
Page 26 and 27: Globalization and Human Development
Page 40 and 41: Chapter TwoThe Economic Well Being
Page 42 and 43: The Economic Well Being of Egyptian
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Globalization Challenges to Egypt
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The Environment and Sustainable Dev
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Chapter FiveEgypt’s Position inTe
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Egypt’s Position in Technology an
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Chapter SixGlobalization and Human
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Globalization and Human CapitalOf t
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Globalization and Human CapitalOne
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Globalization and Human CapitalThe
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Globalization and Human CapitalEmpl
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Chapter SevenEgypt’s Social Capit
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Egypt’s Social Capital and Arab E
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Technical Notesand Sources of DataH
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Technical Notes and Sources of Data
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Bibliography◆ Abdallah, H. (1996)
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BibliographyOECD Development Centre
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BibliographyNational policies in a
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Bibliography◆ Springborg,Robert (
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Governorate IndicatorsG.4 Trends in
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Governorate IndicatorsG.6 Status of
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Governorate IndicatorsG.8 Rural-urb
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Governorate IndicatorsG.10 Health p
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Governorate IndicatorsG.12 Educatio
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Governorate IndicatorsG.14 Labor fo
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Governorate IndicatorsG.16 Income d
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Governorate IndicatorsG.18 Demograp
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