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AcknowledgementsThe Team of the Report acknowledge theirdebt and gratefulness to the confidence,support and encouragement given to themby the competent national and internationalcommunities, the dedicated national/international groups / individuals, whosespecialized distinguished capacities highcompetence and dedication made it possibleto produce this Egypt Human DevelopmentReport (EHDR), which is the sixth in itsconsecutive series. Indeed, it is an output offruitful collaborative efforts .Special gratitudes is due to all UN ResidentRepresentatives in Cairo, to each and everyindividual, organization and agency whomtheir intellectual advice, professionalguidance, sound co-operation and fruitfulsupport had encouraged the continuouspreparation of the Report. In particular, theTeam would like to express their sincerethanks to UNDP Cairo Office, in particularMr. Edmund Cain, UNDP former ResidentRepresentative, Mr. Antonio Vigilante,UNDP current Resident Representative, Mr.Nadir Hadj Hammou, former DeputyResident Representative, Ms. Sophie deCaen, current Deputy Resident Representative,Dr. Hamed Mubarak, Asst. ResidentRepresentative and Head of Policy Section,Ms. Soheir Kansouh Habib, former Asst.Resident Representative and as well thededicated program officers Ms. ZeinabWeng and Ms. Nazli El Sirgani.All international/ national agencies withmissions in Egypt , have provided specializedsupport. The Team would like to expressspecial thanks to UNICEF Representative,UNFPA Representative, WFP CountryDirector, Managing Director, SFD, GeneralIhab Elwi, Chairman, CAPMAS, and Mr.Mostafa Gaafar, CAPMAS, for theirunfailing cooperation and support inproviding the Report team with timelyinformation and statistics which helped inidentifying human development trends.Special thanks go also to the Informationand Decision Support Center (IDSC) , TheMinistry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), andThe United States Agency for InternationalDevelopment. in particular Ms. AzizaHelmy, Women and Development Advisor.And, as in previous reports, comprehensivestudying and analyzing the theme of thisreport required a lot of detailed data whichhas been provided and facilitated throughsound and close co-operation withcompetent ministries. In particular, specialthanks go to our dedicated colleagues in theMinistry of Planning, Education and Health.Special thanks go to Dr. Sultan Abou Ali,Chairman of the Industries and EconomicConsultants (IEC), and his dedicated staffand as well to for reviewing the backgroundpapers and editing of the Report. Sincerethanks also goes to Dr. Mahmoud AbdelHai for his peer review and efforts on thedraft. Thanks also goes to Dr. Sherine ElShawarby for her witnessed effort.The Team highly appreciate and recognizethe profound participation of those whoparticipated in the various relevantbrainstorming sessions, workshops andseminars, Dr. Abdallah Ahmed Marzaban,Dr. Abdel Aziz Higazy, Dr. Ahmed ElDarsh, Dr. Ismail Sabry Abdallah, Mr. AlyMohammed Negm, Dr. Farkhanda Hassan,Dr. Gouda Abdel Khalek, Dr. HafezShaltout, Dr. Hoda Mohammed Sobhi, Dr.Ibrahim Abdel Gelil, Dr. Ibrahim ElEssawy, Dr. Karima Korayem, Dr. LailaGad, Dr. Mona El Baradei, Mr. NabilHashad, Dr. Saad Allam, Ms. Sahar Nasr,Ms. Samiha Fawzy, Dr. Zeinab Selim, Dr.Zeinab Safar.The Team express their gratitude for theoutspoken deep co-operation theycontinuously received from the EconomicReform Forum for the Arab countries, Iranand Turkey (ERF) whether for the literaturereview at the preliminary stages of report orfor the final proof reading. In particular,sincere thanks and gratitude go to Dr. HebaHandoussa, Director of the ERF for hersound advice and continuous motivation,and to Ms. Gillian Potter Deputy Directorfor her fruitful proof reading and profoundremarks.The Team feel critic to submit thanks to thegroup of eminent research colleagues eitherfrom the INP or from the Egyptianuniversities who have prepared the
comprehensive and profound backgroundpapers, which the report used a considerableamount of their data as well as relevantanalytical material. In fact, these eminentresearchers are masters of this report. TheTeam, albeit wishing to express their thanksand gratitude to their distinguishedexperience and far-reaching knowledge, yet,liberate them from any views, opinions orconclusions mentioned in this report thatwould be of inconvenience to themThanks are also due to the InformationCenter, the Documentation and PublishingCenter and the Foreign Relations Center atthe Institute of National Planning, for theirsecretarial, administrative and technicalsupport. . Special thanks are also due to theDr. Farid Abdel Aal and Mr. Sayed AbdelHamid for their witnessed statistical efforts.Thanks are due to the research assistants aswell as Mr. Hamdy Rihan and Mr. AhmedMoussa for administrative support.The Team submit their thanks to allindividuals of Al Ahram commercialpresses who were involved in the design,layout and printing of the report.Egypt Human Development Report 2000/2001Director and Lead AuthorOsman M. OsmanEditorSultan Abou AliContributors of Background PapersAbdel Fattah El GebaliAhmad El KholiAhmad GalalAhmad GoweiliAli SolimanGalal AminHanaa Kheir El DinMahmoud Mohy El DinMohamed Abdel ShafeiRaafat RadwanHeba El LeithyKhalid Abdel AzizLaila El KhawagaLobna Abdel LatifMagdi KhalifaMahmoud Abul EyounMamdouh El SharkawyMostafa Kamel El SaidSultan Abou Ali
Page 2 and 3: The Digital Divide is a problem tha
Page 4 and 5: This report is the major output of
Page 8 and 9: Table of ContentsExecutive Summary
Page 10 and 11: Energy Consumption 68Agriculture 69
Page 12 and 13: 2.4 Health and Education 332.5 Poli
Page 14 and 15: AbbreviationsADNAADPAIAPRARCB2CBABC
Page 16 and 17: Executive SummaryI - Globalization
Page 18 and 19: Executive Summarythe main source of
Page 20 and 21: Executive Summaryfertilizers, pesti
Page 22 and 23: Executive Summarythe Egyptian labor
Page 24 and 25: Chapter OneGlobalization and Human
Page 26 and 27: Globalization and Human Development
Page 40 and 41: Chapter TwoThe Economic Well Being
Page 42 and 43: The Economic Well Being of Egyptian
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The Economic Well Being of Egyptian
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Globalization Challenges to Egypt
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The Environment and Sustainable Dev
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Chapter FiveEgypt’s Position inTe
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Egypt’s Position in Technology an
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Chapter SixGlobalization and Human
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Globalization and Human CapitalOf t
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Globalization and Human CapitalOne
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Globalization and Human CapitalThe
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Globalization and Human CapitalEmpl
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Chapter SevenEgypt’s Social Capit
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Egypt’s Social Capital and Arab E
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Technical Notesand Sources of DataH
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Technical Notes and Sources of Data
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Bibliography◆ Abdallah, H. (1996)
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BibliographyOECD Development Centre
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BibliographyNational policies in a
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Bibliography◆ Springborg,Robert (
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Governorate IndicatorsG.4 Trends in
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Governorate IndicatorsG.6 Status of
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Governorate IndicatorsG.8 Rural-urb
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Governorate IndicatorsG.10 Health p
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Governorate IndicatorsG.12 Educatio
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Governorate IndicatorsG.14 Labor fo
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Governorate IndicatorsG.16 Income d
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Governorate IndicatorsG.18 Demograp
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