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35 SB, letter to Pamela Mitchell, 25 November 1953.<br />

36 SB, letter to John Kobler, 21 March 1977.<br />

37 SB, letter to Tom MacGreevy, 10 March 1935.<br />

38 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, comment made to Alec Reid, 10<br />

February 1966.<br />

39 See Phyllis Gaffney, Healing Amid the Ruins. The Irish<br />

Hospital at Saint-Lô (1945–46) (Dublin: A. & A. Farmar,<br />

1999).<br />

40 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Happy Days (London: Faber & Faber,<br />

1973), p. 19.<br />

41 For an account <strong>of</strong> an occasion in Germany in 1937 when<br />

<strong>Beckett</strong> was well and truly ‘conned’, see James<br />

Knowlson, Damned to Fame. The Life <strong>of</strong> Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong><br />

(London: Bloomsbury, 1996), pp. 254–6.<br />

42 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Disjecta. Miscellaneous Writings and a<br />

Dramatic Fragment (London: John Calder, 1983), p. 52<br />

(in German) and p. 171 (in English).<br />

43 ibid., p. 94.<br />

44 ibid., p. 171.<br />

45 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, interview with Tom Driver, Columbia<br />

University Forum, summer 1961, pp. 21–5, quoted in<br />

Lawrence Graver and Raymond Federman (ed.), Samuel<br />

<strong>Beckett</strong>: The Critical Heritage (London and New York:<br />

Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979), p. 219.<br />

46 The best account <strong>of</strong> <strong>Beckett</strong>’s aesthetic development<br />

over the period 1930–53 is to be found in John Pilling,<br />

<strong>Beckett</strong> Before Godot (Cambridge: Cambridge University<br />

Press, 1997).<br />

47 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, interview with Gabriel d’Aubarède,<br />

Nouvelles Littéraires, 16 February 1961, quoted in<br />

Graver and Federman, <strong>Beckett</strong>: The Critical Heritage,<br />

p. 217.<br />

48 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, interview with James Knowlson, 27<br />

October 1989.<br />

49 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Collected Shorter Plays (London: Faber &<br />

Faber, 1984), p. 230.<br />

50 SB, German Diaries, vol. 4, 15 January 1937.<br />

IMAGES OF BECKETT<br />

1 SB, letter to Alan Schneider, 16 October 1972. Maurice<br />

Harmon (ed.), No Author Better Served: The Correspondence <strong>of</strong><br />

Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong> and Alan Schneider (Cambridge, MA:<br />

Harvard University Press, 1998), p. 283.<br />

2 Quoted in S. E. Gontarski, The Intent <strong>of</strong> Undoing in Samuel<br />

<strong>Beckett</strong>’s Dramatic Texts (Bloomington, IN: Indiana<br />

University Press, 1985), p. 214.<br />

3 <strong>Beckett</strong>, Collected Shorter Plays, p. 242.<br />

4 On <strong>Beckett</strong> and Nauman, see the fine catalogue <strong>of</strong> an<br />

exhibition staged at the Kunsthalle in Vienna,<br />

February–April 2000, entitled Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong> Bruce<br />

Nauman.<br />

5 Werner Spies, ‘Image Afterwards: an After Word’ in<br />

Word and Image. Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong> and the Visual Text, ed.<br />

Breon Mitchell and Lois Overbeck (Atlanta, GA: Emory<br />

University Press, 1999), p. 55.<br />

6 Manuscript notes in ‘Eté 56’, notebook entitled ‘Play<br />

Female Solo’. MS 1227/7/7/1, archive <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Beckett</strong><br />

International Foundation, University <strong>of</strong> Reading.<br />

7 For a fuller discussion <strong>of</strong> this common approach to<br />

language, see Linda Ben-Zvi, ‘Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Fritz<br />

Mauthner and the Limits <strong>of</strong> Language’, PMLA 95, no. 2,<br />

March 1980, pp. 183–200.<br />

8 <strong>Beckett</strong>, Disjecta, p. 172.<br />

9 Jim Lewis, ‘<strong>Beckett</strong> et la caméra’, Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Revue<br />

d’Esthétique, hors série 1990 (Paris: Editions Jean-Michel<br />

Place), p. 376.<br />

10 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, conversation with Lawrence Harvey,<br />

6 April 1962 (Harvey notes, Dartmouth College).<br />

11 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, conversation with Lawrence Harvey,<br />

19 March 1962 (Harvey notes, Dartmouth College).<br />

12 Anita Brookner to Boyd Tonkin, ‘You Should Play<br />

Russian Roulette with Your Life’, Independent Magazine,<br />

29 June 2002.<br />

13 Marin Karmitz, interview with Elisabeth Lebovici, in<br />

Marin Karmitz, Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Comédie (Paris: Editions<br />

du Regard, 2001), p. 19 (in French), pp. 72–3 (in<br />

English).<br />

14 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, conversation with Lawrence Harvey, 7<br />

November 1962 (Harvey notes, Dartmouth College).<br />

15 Luke Gibbons and Kevin Whelan, ‘In Conversation with<br />

Stephen Rea’, 2 February 2001, Yale Journal <strong>of</strong> Criticism 15,<br />

no. 1, 2002, p. 6.<br />

16 Beatrice Lady Glenavy, Today We Will Only Gossip<br />

(London: Constable, 1964), p. 178.<br />

17 James Knowlson, Damned to Fame. The Life <strong>of</strong> Samuel<br />

<strong>Beckett</strong>, pp. 406–7.<br />

18 Dougald McMillan and James Knowlson (eds.), The<br />

Theatrical Notebooks <strong>of</strong> Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, vol. i, Waiting for<br />

Godot (London: Faber & Faber and New York: Grove<br />

Press, 1993), p. 238 [notebook p. 30].<br />

19 SB, letter to James Knowlson, 28 April 1973.<br />

20 <strong>Beckett</strong>, Collected Shorter Plays, p. 215.<br />

21 For a discussion <strong>of</strong> an earlier attempt to write something<br />

for a ‘severed-head image’ called ‘Kilcool’, see<br />

Gontarski, Intent <strong>of</strong> Undoing, pp. 113–14, 133–42.<br />

22 Copies <strong>of</strong> these six volumes <strong>of</strong> German diaries are now<br />

placed in the archive <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Beckett</strong> International<br />

Foundation at the University <strong>of</strong> Reading.<br />

23 These various writings on art are usefully collected in<br />

Proust and Three Dialogues with Georges Duthuit and Cohn<br />

(ed.), Disjecta.<br />

24 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Murphy (London: Calder & Boyars,<br />

1969; 1st edition, 1938), p. 172.<br />

25 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, interview with James Knowlson, July<br />

1989.<br />

26 SB, letter to Tom MacGreevy, 8 September 1934.<br />

27 Avigdor Arikha, undated personal conversation with<br />

James Knowlson.<br />

28 ‘The Giorgione [Venus Sleeping in Dresden’s<br />

Gemäldegalerie] is in a mess. The putto with the arrow<br />

and the bright bird sitting at her feet (by Giorgione or<br />

Titian?) was painted over with senseless landscape in<br />

the 19th century and the whole line <strong>of</strong> the left leg<br />

NOTES TO PAGES 21–58 149

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