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35 SB, letter to Pamela Mitchell, 25 November 1953.<br />
36 SB, letter to John Kobler, 21 March 1977.<br />
37 SB, letter to Tom MacGreevy, 10 March 1935.<br />
38 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, comment made to Alec Reid, 10<br />
February 1966.<br />
39 See Phyllis Gaffney, Healing Amid the Ruins. The Irish<br />
Hospital at Saint-Lô (1945–46) (Dublin: A. & A. Farmar,<br />
1999).<br />
40 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Happy Days (London: Faber & Faber,<br />
1973), p. 19.<br />
41 For an account <strong>of</strong> an occasion in Germany in 1937 when<br />
<strong>Beckett</strong> was well and truly ‘conned’, see James<br />
Knowlson, Damned to Fame. The Life <strong>of</strong> Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong><br />
(London: Bloomsbury, 1996), pp. 254–6.<br />
42 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Disjecta. Miscellaneous Writings and a<br />
Dramatic Fragment (London: John Calder, 1983), p. 52<br />
(in German) and p. 171 (in English).<br />
43 ibid., p. 94.<br />
44 ibid., p. 171.<br />
45 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, interview with Tom Driver, Columbia<br />
University Forum, summer 1961, pp. 21–5, quoted in<br />
Lawrence Graver and Raymond Federman (ed.), Samuel<br />
<strong>Beckett</strong>: The Critical Heritage (London and New York:<br />
Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979), p. 219.<br />
46 The best account <strong>of</strong> <strong>Beckett</strong>’s aesthetic development<br />
over the period 1930–53 is to be found in John Pilling,<br />
<strong>Beckett</strong> Before Godot (Cambridge: Cambridge University<br />
Press, 1997).<br />
47 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, interview with Gabriel d’Aubarède,<br />
Nouvelles Littéraires, 16 February 1961, quoted in<br />
Graver and Federman, <strong>Beckett</strong>: The Critical Heritage,<br />
p. 217.<br />
48 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, interview with James Knowlson, 27<br />
October 1989.<br />
49 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Collected Shorter Plays (London: Faber &<br />
Faber, 1984), p. 230.<br />
50 SB, German Diaries, vol. 4, 15 January 1937.<br />
IMAGES OF BECKETT<br />
1 SB, letter to Alan Schneider, 16 October 1972. Maurice<br />
Harmon (ed.), No Author Better Served: The Correspondence <strong>of</strong><br />
Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong> and Alan Schneider (Cambridge, MA:<br />
Harvard University Press, 1998), p. 283.<br />
2 Quoted in S. E. Gontarski, The Intent <strong>of</strong> Undoing in Samuel<br />
<strong>Beckett</strong>’s Dramatic Texts (Bloomington, IN: Indiana<br />
University Press, 1985), p. 214.<br />
3 <strong>Beckett</strong>, Collected Shorter Plays, p. 242.<br />
4 On <strong>Beckett</strong> and Nauman, see the fine catalogue <strong>of</strong> an<br />
exhibition staged at the Kunsthalle in Vienna,<br />
February–April 2000, entitled Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong> Bruce<br />
Nauman.<br />
5 Werner Spies, ‘Image Afterwards: an After Word’ in<br />
Word and Image. Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong> and the Visual Text, ed.<br />
Breon Mitchell and Lois Overbeck (Atlanta, GA: Emory<br />
University Press, 1999), p. 55.<br />
6 Manuscript notes in ‘Eté 56’, notebook entitled ‘Play<br />
Female Solo’. MS 1227/7/7/1, archive <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Beckett</strong><br />
International Foundation, University <strong>of</strong> Reading.<br />
7 For a fuller discussion <strong>of</strong> this common approach to<br />
language, see Linda Ben-Zvi, ‘Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Fritz<br />
Mauthner and the Limits <strong>of</strong> Language’, PMLA 95, no. 2,<br />
March 1980, pp. 183–200.<br />
8 <strong>Beckett</strong>, Disjecta, p. 172.<br />
9 Jim Lewis, ‘<strong>Beckett</strong> et la caméra’, Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Revue<br />
d’Esthétique, hors série 1990 (Paris: Editions Jean-Michel<br />
Place), p. 376.<br />
10 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, conversation with Lawrence Harvey,<br />
6 April 1962 (Harvey notes, Dartmouth College).<br />
11 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, conversation with Lawrence Harvey,<br />
19 March 1962 (Harvey notes, Dartmouth College).<br />
12 Anita Brookner to Boyd Tonkin, ‘You Should Play<br />
Russian Roulette with Your Life’, Independent Magazine,<br />
29 June 2002.<br />
13 Marin Karmitz, interview with Elisabeth Lebovici, in<br />
Marin Karmitz, Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Comédie (Paris: Editions<br />
du Regard, 2001), p. 19 (in French), pp. 72–3 (in<br />
English).<br />
14 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, conversation with Lawrence Harvey, 7<br />
November 1962 (Harvey notes, Dartmouth College).<br />
15 Luke Gibbons and Kevin Whelan, ‘In Conversation with<br />
Stephen Rea’, 2 February 2001, Yale Journal <strong>of</strong> Criticism 15,<br />
no. 1, 2002, p. 6.<br />
16 Beatrice Lady Glenavy, Today We Will Only Gossip<br />
(London: Constable, 1964), p. 178.<br />
17 James Knowlson, Damned to Fame. The Life <strong>of</strong> Samuel<br />
<strong>Beckett</strong>, pp. 406–7.<br />
18 Dougald McMillan and James Knowlson (eds.), The<br />
Theatrical Notebooks <strong>of</strong> Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, vol. i, Waiting for<br />
Godot (London: Faber & Faber and New York: Grove<br />
Press, 1993), p. 238 [notebook p. 30].<br />
19 SB, letter to James Knowlson, 28 April 1973.<br />
20 <strong>Beckett</strong>, Collected Shorter Plays, p. 215.<br />
21 For a discussion <strong>of</strong> an earlier attempt to write something<br />
for a ‘severed-head image’ called ‘Kilcool’, see<br />
Gontarski, Intent <strong>of</strong> Undoing, pp. 113–14, 133–42.<br />
22 Copies <strong>of</strong> these six volumes <strong>of</strong> German diaries are now<br />
placed in the archive <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Beckett</strong> International<br />
Foundation at the University <strong>of</strong> Reading.<br />
23 These various writings on art are usefully collected in<br />
Proust and Three Dialogues with Georges Duthuit and Cohn<br />
(ed.), Disjecta.<br />
24 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Murphy (London: Calder & Boyars,<br />
1969; 1st edition, 1938), p. 172.<br />
25 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, interview with James Knowlson, July<br />
1989.<br />
26 SB, letter to Tom MacGreevy, 8 September 1934.<br />
27 Avigdor Arikha, undated personal conversation with<br />
James Knowlson.<br />
28 ‘The Giorgione [Venus Sleeping in Dresden’s<br />
Gemäldegalerie] is in a mess. The putto with the arrow<br />
and the bright bird sitting at her feet (by Giorgione or<br />
Titian?) was painted over with senseless landscape in<br />
the 19th century and the whole line <strong>of</strong> the left leg<br />
NOTES TO PAGES 21–58 149