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65 Billie Whitelaw, Billie Whitelaw . . . Who He? (London:<br />

Hodder & Stoughton, 1995), p. 144.<br />

66 Michael Haerdter’s rehearsal diary in Dougald McMillan<br />

and Martha Fehsenfeld, <strong>Beckett</strong> in the Theatre (London:<br />

John Calder; and New York: Riverrun Press, 1988),<br />

p. 211.<br />

67 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Krapp’s Last Tape and Embers (London:<br />

Faber & Faber, 1959), pp. 16, 18.<br />

68 SB, letter to Tom MacGreevy, 20 February [1935].<br />

69 R. H. Wilenski, An Introduction to Dutch Art (London:<br />

Faber & Faber, 1929). The discussion <strong>of</strong> spotlight<br />

painting appears in the pages on the paintings <strong>of</strong><br />

Elsheimer and Honthorst. <strong>Beckett</strong>’s thirty-five pages <strong>of</strong><br />

notes on Wilenski are preserved in Trinity College<br />

Library and the archive <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Beckett</strong> International<br />

Foundation at the University <strong>of</strong> Reading.<br />

70 SB, letter to Tom MacGreevy, 20 February [1935].<br />

71 <strong>Beckett</strong>, Collected Shorter Plays, p. 239.<br />

72 <strong>Beckett</strong>’s German Diaries, vol. 3, 5 January 1937.<br />

73 Wilenski, Introduction to Dutch Art, facing p. 261.<br />

74 See Damian Love, ‘<strong>Beckett</strong> and the Romantik. The Art <strong>of</strong><br />

Caspar David Friedrich’, Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>Beckett</strong> Studies 9, no. 2,<br />

spring 2000, pp. 91–6.<br />

75 Whitelaw, Billie Whitelaw . . . Who He?, p. 145.<br />

76 [Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>], ‘Recent Irish Poetry’, in Cohn (ed.),<br />

Disjecta, p. 70.<br />

77 SB, letter to Tom MacGreevy, 8 September 1934.<br />

78 ibid.<br />

79 ibid.<br />

80 <strong>Beckett</strong> used this term in his article ‘Recent Irish Poetry’<br />

in Cohn (ed.), Disjecta, p. 70 and again in this passage <strong>of</strong><br />

his German Diaries: ‘Interesting notes in Marc [Franz<br />

Marc, the German Expressionist painter] re subject,<br />

predicate, object relations in painting. He says: paint the<br />

predicate <strong>of</strong> the living, Picasso has that <strong>of</strong> the inanimate.<br />

By that he appears to mean not the relation between<br />

subject & object, but the alienation (my nomansland).<br />

The object particularizes, banalizes the “thought” which<br />

fires me: Musik ist Satz ohne Objekt.’ SB, German Diaries,<br />

vol. 2, 19 November 1936.<br />

81 SB, letter to Tom MacGreevy, 14 August 1937. The<br />

painting to which <strong>Beckett</strong> refers here is Jack B. Yeats’ The<br />

Storm, painted in 1936.<br />

82 SB, letter to Georges Duthuit, 2 March 1954.<br />

83 <strong>Beckett</strong>, Proust and Three Dialogues with Georges Duthuit,<br />

p. 66.<br />

84 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Waiting for Godot (London: Faber &<br />

Faber, 1985), p. 61.<br />

85 <strong>Beckett</strong>, Collected Shorter Plays, p. 241.<br />

86 ‘I have a queer lot <strong>of</strong> pictures here now. A German<br />

surrealist called Paalen gave me some kind <strong>of</strong><br />

“automatic” affair that amuses me, and I have started<br />

paying for a picture by a Polish Jew called Adler that I like<br />

very much.’ SB, letter to Tom MacGreevy, 18 April 1939.<br />

87 ‘I went to Otto Freundlich’s exhibition at Jeanne<br />

Bucher’s. A subscription list has been opened to buy a<br />

picture and present it to the Jeu de Paume . . . The<br />

picture in question is a very fine one, far and away the<br />

best in the show. There is also a very beautiful sculpture<br />

in the little garden in front <strong>of</strong> the gallery. I met him once<br />

a couple <strong>of</strong> months ago and found him very<br />

sympathetic.’ SB to Tom MacGreevy, 15 June 1938.<br />

88 Joan Mitchell (1926–92), an abstract expressionist<br />

painter, born in Chicago, who lived in France from 1959,<br />

first in Paris and then in Vétheil. For many years she was<br />

the partner <strong>of</strong> the Canadian abstract painter, Jean-Paul<br />

Riopelle. See Jane Livingston, The Paintings <strong>of</strong> Joan<br />

Mitchell, with essays by Linda Nochlin and Yvette Lee<br />

(Berkeley, CA: University <strong>of</strong> California Press, 2002).<br />

Riopelle (b. 1923) was influenced by Kandinsky, Miró<br />

and Pollock. For Riopelle’s life, see Hélène de Billy,<br />

Riopelle (Montreal: Editions Art Global, 1996), and for<br />

his painting see Pierre Schneider, Riopelle signes mêlés<br />

(Paris: Maeght Editeur, 1972).<br />

89 ‘Begin to get slightly tired <strong>of</strong> S.R.’s [Schmidt-Rottluff’s]<br />

determination to see big, there is a programmatic<br />

monumentalism that does not justify its simplifications.<br />

But a lovely coloured drawing <strong>of</strong> a woman looking at a<br />

picture. I find Kirchner a purer artist, incredible line and<br />

sureness <strong>of</strong> taste and fineness <strong>of</strong> colour.’ SB, German<br />

Diaries, vol. 3, 19 December 1936.<br />

90 SB, German Diaries, vol. 2, 23 January 1937.<br />

91 He saw, for instance, Munch’s painting Einsamkeit<br />

(Loneliness), still hanging on the walls <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Kronprinzenpalais in Berlin, as ‘lovely, woman in red<br />

doublet up on blue stool, rainbow coloured heap on left<br />

(bathing tent?), and pale unlimited motionless<br />

emptiness <strong>of</strong> sea’. But his sometime problems with<br />

Munch remained: he wrote <strong>of</strong> this particular painting,<br />

‘But even here the feeling inclined to be overstated into<br />

the sentimental . . . The Krankes Mädchen drawing also<br />

only just over the pretty line. What is it in this<br />

uncompromising Norderin [?] (Nolde & Hamsun also –<br />

Albrecht [with whom <strong>Beckett</strong> was friendly in Hamburg]<br />

was an admirer <strong>of</strong> Hamsun) – that always threatens to<br />

upset the whole apple-cart. It is in the German Gothic<br />

also, more than in the English.’ SB, German Diaries,<br />

vol. 4, 20 January 1937.<br />

92 Daniel Albright, ‘<strong>Beckett</strong> as Marsyas’ in Lois<br />

Oppenheim (ed.), Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong> and the Arts. Music, Visual<br />

Art and Non-Print Media (New York and London: Garland,<br />

1999), pp. 25–49.<br />

93 SB, German Diaries, vol. 2, 23 January 1937.<br />

94 <strong>Beckett</strong>, Collected Shorter Plays, p. 228.<br />

95 ibid., p. 216.<br />

96 See Enoch Brater, Why <strong>Beckett</strong> (London: Thames &<br />

Hudson, 1989), pp. 29 and 100.<br />

97 SB, German Diaries, vol. 1, 4 November 1936.<br />

98 Michaël Glasmeier and Gaby Hartel, ‘Three Grey Disks,<br />

Comédie’ in Marin Karmitz, Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, Comédie,<br />

pp. 33–4 (in French), p. 82 (in English).<br />

99 Samuel <strong>Beckett</strong>, ‘MacGreevy on Yeats’ in Cohn (ed.),<br />

Disjecta, p. 97.<br />

NOTES TO PAGES 77–92 151

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