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childhood and infancy. This aspect limits the ability of ATP to provide information on theshort to mid-term outcomes of FF.Through personal communication with Diana Smart, General Manager (Research) at theAIFS, it was established that, in order to access these data sources a research collaborationwould be required with the analysis to be undertaken by AIFS. This was the standardapproach used for this particular study, which is required in order to protect the confidentialityof the study participants.There are some parallels between the measures of FF in ATP and in LSAC. However, theseare limited and would require one or two more additional waves of data to bridge the agegaps.2.2.4 HOUSEHOLD, INCOME AND LABOUR DYNAMICS IN AUSTRALIA(HILDA)HILDA is an annual survey that was initiated in 2001, commissioned and funded throughFaHCSIA and managed through the Melbourne Institute at the University of Melbourne. Thestudy follows a longitudinal design with a representative sample of Australian residents(approximately 14,000 respondents from wave 1). Information on four consistent overlappingthemes are recorded in each wave of the study, with additional information collecteddepending upon government policy and particular issues around that time period. The fourconsistent themes covered in HILDA are; households and family life; incomes and economic wellbeing; labour market outcomes; and life satisfaction, health and wellbeing.The first of these areas has potential relevance for this project. It incorporates a descriptionof changes in individuals’ family structures over time, changes in marital status and maritalsatisfaction, child care issues and major life events experienced by respondents in the yearleading up to the interview. Information on parenting stress as well as work-family stress isalso collected in this study.In HILDA it would be difficult to control for confounding influences on the relationshipbetween the family environment variables and outcomes – influences such as schoolenvironment, peers and the quality of parent-child relationships. In addition, the relativelyshort time period of the study would pose a problem for examining the full impact of thefamily environment on later outcomes for the children.HILDA could be used to examine parenting and work-family stresses on the parents’ overallparticipation in the labour force, but is otherwise limited in its applicability for this purpose.2.2.5 SUMMARY OF AUSTRALIAN LONGITUDINAL DATA SOURCESTwo of these studies (LSAC and ATP) have the potential to be useful for the determination ofcausal impacts of FF. As LSAY did not collect information on FF variables, this longitudinalsurvey is unfortunately of little use here and HILDA would be limited to examiningrelationships between the family environment and parent’s participation in the labour force.LSAC has the advantage of containing a breadth of data, valuable for controlling purposes.However, a disadvantage is the relatively short timeframe of data collection. LSAC would34
only be useful in providing information for causal impacts in the short to medium term, as theeldest participants from the child cohorts are currently 10-11 years of age.ATP is currently the only study in Australia that could be used to determine long term impactsof FF on health, economic and social outcomes. Participants in this study are currently25 years of age and would provide sufficient data to determine long term outcomes. Indeed,preliminary works have been published which map the inter-relationships of a number ofvariables that interact over time and result in outcomes such as anxiety, depression,substance abuse, antisocial behaviour, academic achievement, risky driving and measuresof social capital. The main limitation of ATP is the length of time that measures of FF andparenting have been recorded. These measures have only been taken since the participantswere in their early teens, with no measures during infancy or early childhood.2.2.6 PROPOSED METHOD OF DETERMINING OUTCOMESOutcomes would be mapped from the ATP and LSAC databases using a similarmethodology to that developed by Prior et al (2005) (see Figure 2-6 and Figure 2-7).Outcomes would be mapped for each wave of the study so that the likelihood of one of theevents of interest occurring could be established across different age groups. For example,as shown in Figure 2-6 the outcome being measured is depression (on the right of thediagram). The mapping process would determine the relationships between family, peer,school, and other environments (on the left hand side of the diagram) that lead to thisdepression outcome. These determining environmental factors build up over time soinformation on each individual from previous waves of the study would be used to determineoutcomes in older age cohorts.The ability to join information from LSAC and ATP is limited by slightly different methods ofmeasuring FF. There are, however, some consistencies, although one or two more waves ofinformation would ideally be required to successfully bridge the gap in ages between the twostudies. Figure 2-8 shows the approximate age of the study cohorts, as well as theinformation gap that would exist as a result of conducting this evaluation with the currentdata. It is possible to utilise the current information to estimate outcomes in the gap period.This would be done on a last observation carried forward basis (in other words the mappingfor outcomes for children aged 10-11 years would be applied to those aged 11 to 13 years.FIGURE 2-8: APPROXIMATE AGE OF STUDY COHORTS AND BRIDGING THE CURRENT INFORMATION GAPWhile the option of waiting for additional study waves to be completed to bridge the gap ininformation would provide a more accurate estimate for mapping purposes, completing thisanalysis with the current information using a last observation carried forward would notintroduce vast inaccuracies into the estimates. The last observation carried forward methodcould be tested using sensitivity analysis to inform the impact of these assumptions on theoverall costing methodology.35
Page 1 and 2: June 2009Positive Family Functionin
Page 3 and 4: 3.8 Reconnect......................
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAccess Economics wo
Page 7 and 8: NESSNFFNPVPFFPIMTriple-PPUPRCTREACh
Page 9 and 10: A simple definition of PFF could no
Page 11 and 12: ehaviour during youth and later in
Page 13 and 14: Alternatives to such a partnership
Page 15 and 16: ooCommunities for childrenInvest an
Page 17 and 18: 1. MEANING AND MEASUREMENTWorking d
Page 19 and 20: Fletcher (2007) presented the New Z
Page 21 and 22: DomainEmotionalGovernanceEngagement
Page 23 and 24: ModelTABLE 1-2: THEORETICAL MODELS
Page 25 and 26: In times of crisis we can turn to e
Page 27 and 28: 2. MEASURING OUTCOMESImpacts from F
Page 29 and 30: TABLE 2-1: MATERNAL AND PATERNAL IN
Page 31 and 32: Parental limit setting, family conf
Page 33 and 34: studied in the literature and separ
Page 35 and 36: TABLE 2-7: FAMILY RISK FACTORS ASSO
Page 37 and 38: FIGURE 2-4: PARENTAL INPUTS (AGE TH
Page 39 and 40: exacerbated by the formation of aff
Page 41 and 42: Productivity outcomes appear to be
Page 43 and 44: Danish National Longitudinal Study
Page 45 and 46: Key research question 14: how the i
Page 47 and 48: ut could not (until further Waves o
Page 49: FIGURE 2-6: LONGITUDINAL PATHWAYS T
Page 53 and 54: FIGURE 2-9: CONCEPTUAL MAP FOR VALU
Page 55 and 56: Productivity losses would best be m
Page 57 and 58: Short term productivity costsThe fr
Page 59 and 60: The expected retirement age by the
Page 61 and 62: (discussed previously in Section 2.
Page 63 and 64: Aids and home modificationsAlthough
Page 65 and 66: The extensive literature in this fi
Page 67 and 68: In discounting healthy life and oth
Page 69 and 70: proximal risk factors are those tha
Page 71 and 72: ages of 18-24 months and between 4
Page 73 and 74: TABLE 3-4: MATERNITY IMMUNISATION A
Page 75 and 76: Family Relationship Centres are a f
Page 77 and 78: Increased contentment in children w
Page 79 and 80: TABLE 3-7: FAMILY DISPUTE RESOLUTIO
Page 81 and 82: 3.3.1 COMMUNITIES FOR CHILDRENProgr
Page 83 and 84: Quantitative and qualitative data w
Page 85 and 86: This initiative developed out of a
Page 87 and 88: FIGURE 3-2: DIAGRAM OF TRIPLE P SYS
Page 89 and 90: TABLE 3-11: RESULTS OF META-ANALYSE
Page 91 and 92: This section on early childhood int
Page 93 and 94: Table 3-14 displays a summary of th
Page 95 and 96: TABLE 3-15: BCR OF ECE PROGRAMSSour
Page 97 and 98: 3.6 PEEL CHILD HEALTH SURVEYThe Pee
Page 99 and 100: Research on efficacy - Evaluation o
Page 101 and 102:
Education participation levels rema
Page 103 and 104:
For FLW, outcomes assessment was re
Page 105 and 106:
whether children, families and comm
Page 107 and 108:
Mothers of 36 month olds were repor
Page 109 and 110:
The effects associated with SSLPs a
Page 111 and 112:
social context of the family.Self-r
Page 113 and 114:
social and emotional development of
Page 115 and 116:
analyses can be broken down further
Page 117 and 118:
4. CONCLUSIONThe method proposed fo
Page 119 and 120:
Australian Institute of Family Stud
Page 121 and 122:
Duncan J, Bowden C, Smith AB (2005)
Page 123 and 124:
Mathers C, Vos T, Stevenson C (1999
Page 125 and 126:
Sanders MR (2003) ‘Triple P - Pos
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