wind energy resource evaluation in a site of central italy ... - WindSim

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A picture of the turbine is presented in figure 7.6.Figure 7.6: Turbine Gamesa G80 – 2000 kWOther technical data of the turbine are shown in figure 7.7, reporting the powercurve.Figure 7.7: Power curve of the turbine Gamesa G80 -2000 kW.123
The calculated AEP has been reported in the table 7.2: this table shows the energyproduction of every single turbine with its mean wind speed at hub height and thetotal amount of the wind park.Table 7.2: Annual Energy Production of the wind park.Turbine Manufacturer Model NominalpowerHubheightWindspeedEnergy(kW) (m) (m/s) (MWh/y)Turbine1 Gamesa G80 2000 60 6,50 4791,7Turbine2 Gamesa G80 2000 60 5,81 3776,7Turbine3 Gamesa G80 2000 60 6,34 4564,9Turbine4 Gamesa G80 2000 60 5,45 3149,7Turbine5 Gamesa G80 2000 60 6,06 4179,6Turbine6 Gamesa G80 2000 60 4,52 1996,1Turbine7 Gamesa G80 2000 60 4,52 1957,6Turbine8 Gamesa G80 2000 60 4,61 2018,7Turbine9 Gamesa G80 2000 60 4,89 2403,3Turbine10 Gamesa G80 2000 60 5,00 2539,6Turbine11 Gamesa G80 2000 60 4,68 2148,2Turbine12 Gamesa G80 2000 60 4,84 2360,4Turbine13 Gamesa G80 2000 60 4,49 1880,6Turbine14 Gamesa G80 2000 60 5,24 2877,7Turbine15 Gamesa G80 2000 60 5,30 2915,6Turbine16 Gamesa G80 2000 60 5,06 2600,5All park 32000 46160,9By dividing the AEP for the total nominal power output of the wind park , it ispossible to calculate the equivalent hours of work, another parameter that indicatesthe production of the park, that is equal to 1443 hours per year.124
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UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI CAGLIARI
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IndexIndex page IAcknowledgmentsVII
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CHAPTER 4: Characteristics of the s
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6.7.1 Mean wind velocity page 1096.
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This thesis is the result of a prac
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WindSim is a software developed by
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CHAPTER 1. Atmospheric Boundary Lay
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Figure 1.1: Example of an atmospher
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1.5 The WindSim numerical codeWindS
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(κ−ε RNG or the Low Reynolds),
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1.5.4 RESULTSThe Results module all
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Figure 1.2: Example of TKE vertical
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CHAPTER 2. Simulations over flat te
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inlet position (0 meters), station
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2.4 Height distribution factor sens
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e decreased, to avoid to build thin
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Figure 2.10: Vertical profiles for
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CHAPTER 3. Simulations over 2D hill
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Table 3.1: Measurement coordinatesS
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The results shown above demonstrate
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Figure 3.6: Sketch of the 15 km lon
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Figure 3.9: Influence of the height
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Figure 3.13: Zoom of the hill top r
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3.5.2) = ∙.The two models for att
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H [m] hill heightν[m 2 /s] air cin
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Figure 3.18: Particular of the nume
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Finally, the horizontal x velocity
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Figure 3.25: Z velocity componentFi
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3.6 RemarksA CFD study of a boundar
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Some experimental wind data of this
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Both the pictures 4.3 and 4.4 have
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Table 4.2: Description of the color
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In this periods, data are recorded
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In the following pages, a short des
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4.3.2 Mast 5424-15 m Period April-M
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4.3.4 Mast 5424-15 m Period Novembe
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4.3.6 Mast 5428-40 m Period April-M
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4.3.8 Mast 5428-50 m Period Novembe
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4.3.10 Mast 5428-30 m Period Novemb
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4.4.2 Mast 542870
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Page 83 and 84: CHAPTER 5. Test of the Free Stream
Page 85 and 86: case the wind is blowing from the e
Page 87 and 88: Geometrical modelTable 5.3: Input p
Page 89 and 90: Figure 5.6: Vertical profiles in po
Page 91 and 92: The orthogonalization of the grid h
Page 93 and 94: Figure 5.9: Map of speed-ups for di
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5.30: Speed-2D at 30 m heigh
Page 97 and 98: Figure 5.12: Speed-2D at 30 m heigh
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER 6. Analysis of the wind fie
Page 101 and 102: Table 6.2: Boundary conditions and
Page 103 and 104: 6.5 Vertical profiles of VelocityTo
Page 105 and 106: characterized by high wind speed (5
Page 107 and 108: From the error analysis, it is foun
Page 109 and 110: Anyhow, the trend of the linear int
Page 111 and 112: Concerning the CFD simulations, val
Page 113 and 114: Analyzing RMS error table for tower
Page 115 and 116: A general overview of the figure 6.
Page 117 and 118: 6.7 Cross Checking of wind dataIn t
Page 119 and 120: Figure 6.8 a/bFigure 6.8 c/dFigure
Page 121 and 122: Table 6.11: RMS error for cross che
Page 123 and 124: Figure 6.9 e/fFigure 6.9 g/hFigure
Page 125 and 126: Figure 6.10 g/hFigure 6.10 i/lFigur
Page 127 and 128: to have a better agreement during t
Page 129 and 130: Figure 7.2: Weibull fitting of the
Page 131: Figure 7.5: Perspective view of the
Page 135 and 136: ConclusionsIn this thesis the evalu
Page 137 and 138: Bibliography[1] CRASTO G. - Numeric
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