wind energy resource evaluation in a site of central italy ... - WindSim

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1.6 κ−ε turbulence model page 12CHAPTER 2: Simulations over flat terrains 162.1 Introduction 162.2 Geometrical model and inlet BC 172.3 Vertical discretization sensitivity 182.4 Height distribution factor sensitivity 202.5 Influence of the top boundary condition 222.6 Remarks 25CHAPTER 3: Simulations over 2D hilly terrains 263.1 Introduction 263.1.1 Similitude between a 3D “cos 2 ” and “flatted” hill 263.2 Speed-up effect 303.3 Sensitivity to the first cell height 333.4 Sensitivity to the horizontal discretization 353.5 Investigation of a flow over a 2D roughly hilly terrain 373.5.1 Description of the test case 373.5.2 Numerical method 393.5.3 Case S3H4 403.5.4 Case S5H4 413.5.5 Results 43Case S3H4 43Case S5H4 453.6 Remarks 48II
CHAPTER 4: Characteristics of the site page 494.1 Introduction 494.2 Digital terrain model (DTM) 504.2.1 Orographic characteristics of the site 504.2.2 Roughness characteristics 524.3 Wind data 554.3.1 Mast 5424-30 m - period April-May 2007 594.3.2 Mast 5424-15 m - period April-May 2007 604.3.3 Mast 5424-30 m - period November-December 2006 614.3.4 Mast 5424-15 m - period November-December 2006 624.3.5 Mast 5428-50 m - period April-May 2007 634.3.6 Mast 5428-40 m- period April-May 2007 644.3.7 Mast 5428-30 m- period April-May 2007 654.3.8 Mast 5428-50 m - period November-December 2006 664.3.9 Mast 5428-40 m- period November-December 2006 674.3.10 Mast 5428-30 m- period November-December 2006 684.4 Mean speed per sector tables 694.4.1 Mast 5424 694.4.2 Mast 5428 704.5 Power density per sector tables 714.5.1 Mast 5424 714.5.2 Mast 5428 724.6 Remarks 7III
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI CAGLIARI
Page 3: IndexIndex page IAcknowledgmentsVII
Page 7 and 8: 6.7.1 Mean wind velocity page 1096.
Page 9 and 10: This thesis is the result of a prac
Page 11 and 12: WindSim is a software developed by
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 1. Atmospheric Boundary Lay
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1.1: Example of an atmospher
Page 17 and 18: 1.5 The WindSim numerical codeWindS
Page 19 and 20: (κ−ε RNG or the Low Reynolds),
Page 21 and 22: 1.5.4 RESULTSThe Results module all
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.2: Example of TKE vertical
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 2. Simulations over flat te
Page 27 and 28: inlet position (0 meters), station
Page 29 and 30: 2.4 Height distribution factor sens
Page 31 and 32: e decreased, to avoid to build thin
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.10: Vertical profiles for
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 3. Simulations over 2D hill
Page 37 and 38: Table 3.1: Measurement coordinatesS
Page 39 and 40: The results shown above demonstrate
Page 41 and 42: Figure 3.6: Sketch of the 15 km lon
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.9: Influence of the height
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3.13: Zoom of the hill top r
Page 47 and 48: 3.5.2) = ∙.The two models for att
Page 49 and 50: H [m] hill heightν[m 2 /s] air cin
Page 51 and 52: Figure 3.18: Particular of the nume
Page 53 and 54: Finally, the horizontal x velocity
Page 55 and 56:
Figure 3.25: Z velocity componentFi
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3.6 RemarksA CFD study of a boundar
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Some experimental wind data of this
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Both the pictures 4.3 and 4.4 have
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Table 4.2: Description of the color
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In this periods, data are recorded
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In the following pages, a short des
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4.3.2 Mast 5424-15 m Period April-M
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4.3.4 Mast 5424-15 m Period Novembe
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4.3.6 Mast 5428-40 m Period April-M
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4.3.8 Mast 5428-50 m Period Novembe
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4.3.10 Mast 5428-30 m Period Novemb
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4.4.2 Mast 542870
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4.5.2 Mast 542872
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CHAPTER 5. Test of the Free Stream
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case the wind is blowing from the e
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Geometrical modelTable 5.3: Input p
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Figure 5.6: Vertical profiles in po
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The orthogonalization of the grid h
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Figure 5.9: Map of speed-ups for di
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Figure 5.30: Speed-2D at 30 m heigh
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Figure 5.12: Speed-2D at 30 m heigh
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CHAPTER 6. Analysis of the wind fie
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Table 6.2: Boundary conditions and
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6.5 Vertical profiles of VelocityTo
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characterized by high wind speed (5
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From the error analysis, it is foun
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Anyhow, the trend of the linear int
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Concerning the CFD simulations, val
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Analyzing RMS error table for tower
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A general overview of the figure 6.
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6.7 Cross Checking of wind dataIn t
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Figure 6.8 a/bFigure 6.8 c/dFigure
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Table 6.11: RMS error for cross che
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Figure 6.9 e/fFigure 6.9 g/hFigure
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Figure 6.10 g/hFigure 6.10 i/lFigur
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to have a better agreement during t
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Figure 7.2: Weibull fitting of the
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Figure 7.5: Perspective view of the
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The calculated AEP has been reporte
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ConclusionsIn this thesis the evalu
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Bibliography[1] CRASTO G. - Numeric
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