wind energy resource evaluation in a site of central italy ... - WindSim

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Equation for TKE1.8)( )+( )= μ+μ+G −ρεEquation for ε1.9)( )+( )= μ+μ+C ∙ ∙G −C ∙ρ∙The solution of the numerical system need to start with boundary conditions, bothfor k and ε.Concerning to k, the values at the inlet section of the model can be described as avertical profile of TKE, by the equation1.10) ( ) = ( ) ∙ 1− ( )where,is a constantis the height of the boundary layer[m]An example of the shape of a TKE profile connected to the velocity vertical profiledescribed in figure 1.1 is shown in figure 1.2.13
Figure 1.2: Example of TKE vertical profile at inlet section.The boundary condition for ε used in WindSim is described by the equation1.11) ( ) = ( ) ∙ +whereis the Obukhov lengthA typical shape of the e vertical profile for an ABL is displayed in figure 1.3.Figure 1.3: Example of ε vertical profile at inlet section14
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI CAGLIARI
Page 3 and 4: IndexIndex page IAcknowledgmentsVII
Page 5 and 6: CHAPTER 4: Characteristics of the s
Page 7 and 8: 6.7.1 Mean wind velocity page 1096.
Page 9 and 10: This thesis is the result of a prac
Page 11 and 12: WindSim is a software developed by
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 1. Atmospheric Boundary Lay
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1.1: Example of an atmospher
Page 17 and 18: 1.5 The WindSim numerical codeWindS
Page 19 and 20: (κ−ε RNG or the Low Reynolds),
Page 21: 1.5.4 RESULTSThe Results module all
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 2. Simulations over flat te
Page 27 and 28: inlet position (0 meters), station
Page 29 and 30: 2.4 Height distribution factor sens
Page 31 and 32: e decreased, to avoid to build thin
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.10: Vertical profiles for
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 3. Simulations over 2D hill
Page 37 and 38: Table 3.1: Measurement coordinatesS
Page 39 and 40: The results shown above demonstrate
Page 41 and 42: Figure 3.6: Sketch of the 15 km lon
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.9: Influence of the height
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3.13: Zoom of the hill top r
Page 47 and 48: 3.5.2) = ∙.The two models for att
Page 49 and 50: H [m] hill heightν[m 2 /s] air cin
Page 51 and 52: Figure 3.18: Particular of the nume
Page 53 and 54: Finally, the horizontal x velocity
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3.25: Z velocity componentFi
Page 57 and 58: 3.6 RemarksA CFD study of a boundar
Page 59 and 60: Some experimental wind data of this
Page 61 and 62: Both the pictures 4.3 and 4.4 have
Page 63 and 64: Table 4.2: Description of the color
Page 65 and 66: In this periods, data are recorded
Page 67 and 68: In the following pages, a short des
Page 69 and 70: 4.3.2 Mast 5424-15 m Period April-M
Page 71 and 72: 4.3.4 Mast 5424-15 m Period Novembe
Page 73 and 74:
4.3.6 Mast 5428-40 m Period April-M
Page 75 and 76:
4.3.8 Mast 5428-50 m Period Novembe
Page 77 and 78:
4.3.10 Mast 5428-30 m Period Novemb
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4.4.2 Mast 542870
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4.5.2 Mast 542872
Page 83 and 84:
CHAPTER 5. Test of the Free Stream
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case the wind is blowing from the e
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Geometrical modelTable 5.3: Input p
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 5.6: Vertical profiles in po
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The orthogonalization of the grid h
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Figure 5.9: Map of speed-ups for di
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Figure 5.30: Speed-2D at 30 m heigh
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Figure 5.12: Speed-2D at 30 m heigh
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CHAPTER 6. Analysis of the wind fie
Page 101 and 102:
Table 6.2: Boundary conditions and
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6.5 Vertical profiles of VelocityTo
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characterized by high wind speed (5
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From the error analysis, it is foun
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Anyhow, the trend of the linear int
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Concerning the CFD simulations, val
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Analyzing RMS error table for tower
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A general overview of the figure 6.
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6.7 Cross Checking of wind dataIn t
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Figure 6.8 a/bFigure 6.8 c/dFigure
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Table 6.11: RMS error for cross che
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Figure 6.9 e/fFigure 6.9 g/hFigure
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Figure 6.10 g/hFigure 6.10 i/lFigur
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to have a better agreement during t
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Figure 7.2: Weibull fitting of the
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Figure 7.5: Perspective view of the
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The calculated AEP has been reporte
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ConclusionsIn this thesis the evalu
Page 137 and 138:
Bibliography[1] CRASTO G. - Numeric
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