ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS - Bulletin of Engineering

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ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS – BULLETIN of ENGINEERINGneeds, as individuals, as long as we take intoconsideration a good management of ourpersonal resources and we keep ourconsumption levels under control.However, how do we get to the sustainabledevelopment? Starting with 1992, at the EarthSummit, held in Rio de Janeiro, the EU identifiedthe need for sustainable development in Europe.There has been developed a strategy (which wasrenewed in June, 2006) that focuses on climatechange and biodiversity. The challengesidentified which European Union has to faceare:• Climate change and clean energy• Sustainable transport• Sustainable consumption and production• Conservation and management of naturalresources• Public health• Social inclusion, demography and migration• Global povertyUnfortunately, although the first summitconcerning sustainable development took place17 years ago, the progress in this direction is stillnot very significant and visible. This is also dueto the different ways of understanding andimplementing the concept of sustainabledevelopment in EU’s state members mostlycharacterized by the reticence towards thisconcept met in poorer countries. Many statemembers tend to believe that theimplementation of a good sustainabledevelopment strategy is expensive, thusunaffordable or they even consider it “a brake todevelopment”. In this situation, it is no wonderthat the strategy did not achieve its goals. Still,new goals have been set, among which thelimitation of the climate change and thereduction of the greenhouse gases by 20 percentby 2020. How and if this targets will be met,remains to be seen.EU SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICYThe main focus of the European UnionSustainable Development Strategy (EU SDS) is toprogressively achieve the change in the currentunsustainable consumption and productionpatterns and the non-integrated approach topolicy making. Of course this can be obtainedonly by succeeding in raising awareness amongcommunities in order to improve the quality oflife for both the nowadays generations and thefuture ones. Being able to efficiently manage anduse resources to trigger the ecological and socialinnovation potential of the economy, buildingup a prosperous and protected environment, aswell as social cohesion. The cross cuttingpolicies are:1. Education and training.2. Research and development.3. Financial and economic instruments.4. Communication, mobilizing actors andmultiplying success.Obviously three main actions are mostsignificant in achieving the goal and these are –implementation, monitoring and follow up.Starting September 2007 a new rule has been set– the Commission has to submit every two yearsa progress report on the success of theimplementation of the above mentioneddirections in the European Union and theMember States, as well as on future actions andtargets.The two issues that keep coming up in thedebate are the quantification of the progressmade by EU and the Member States inimplementing EU SDS and the setting of futuretargets.In this respect, a very high importance is givento the climate change and clean energy. All theMember States, as well as EU, agree that this is avery important theme, therefore the number ofinitiatives that have been taken. One examplewould be the focus on renewable energy andbiofuels which has caught the public’s eye.Unfortunately, not so much attention is beingpaid to post-2012 emission reduction andadaptation to climate change, which isbecoming a more and more urgent matter. Inwhat concerns the climate change and cleanenergy there is a lack of coherence betweenobjectives and actions. Thus the adaptation toclimate change has no corresponding actionsattached to it and therefore we need strategies toreach the already mentioned objectives. Thereare policies such as agriculture, trade policy,research and technology development whichalthough are not directly connected to theclimate change issues can influence thesustainable development and mainstreamingenergy.In the field of sustainable tourism the energy useand the greenhouse gas emissions are in focus.The problems concerning the sustainabletourism refer to separating the economic growth382010/Fascicule 2/AprilJune /Tome III
ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS – BULLETIN of ENGINEERINGand energy consumption from the increase indemand for transport. This can be helped byproviding a real market price for the differentmeans of transport. Improving the technology inthe field is another way to help the sustainabletourism in what concerns the obvious energyconsumption and emissions. The transport byair demand is highly increasing in Europe, beingestimated to double by 2020.With regard to the progress, there are limitedreasons for showing optimism in the area ofsustainable transport. The growth of freighttransport volumes has outpaced economicgrowth since 1995 and growth of passengerfreight transport has exceeded economic growthbetween 1990 and 2002. Growth in transportrelated energy use has exceeded growth inenergy use in all sectors: transport’s share oftotal energy consumption is rising and oilprovides 98% of the energy used by the transportsector . Greenhouse gas emissions fromtransport are increasing and it is questionablewhether targets in this area can be met.Although harmful, polluting emissions aredecreasing, air quality problems in Europeancities still persist. A shift to environmentallyfriendly means of transport is unfortunately nota reality at the moment: road freight transport isstill dominant and continues to grow; passengerair transport has increased significantly;passenger car transport shares have remainedconstant. The pollution through noise is as wellon debate, although there is not, at the date, avalid data in support of the negative effect it hason the quality of life.Obviously, the challenge faced by all theMember States to apply the measures for asustainable development is great. It requiresgood inter-ministerial cooperation andhorizontal methods of working, along with theability to synthesize all outputs variesconsiderably between the Member States.ECONOMIC RECESSION – AN OPPORTUNITY FORTRANSFORMATIONThe issue of origin and nature of economiccycle is one of the most important and theoldest unsettled problem of economy theory,still a very actual problem. A lot of the mostfamous scientists-economists studiedphenomena of economic cycles, economicdynamics and development. Among them onecan name: Karl Marx, Wicksell, Mitchell, Tugan-Baranovsky, Gassel, Schumpeter, Kondratyev,Harrod, Hansen, Aftalion, Clark, Spiethof,Kuznets, Pigou et al. and, according to Hansen,this problem had not been solved till the time ofhis work (40s of the 20th century) (Hansen, 1997).By analyzing, comparing and contrasting theworks of economists of the second half of the20th century, it is possible to say that hisstatement remains true until now. Methodologythat exists today in economics and its sections –theory of economic dynamics and theory ofeconomic development – has come fromclassical mechanics [Kondratyev, 1998;Schumpeter, 1982). Today is a time ofcomplexities. It looks that the organization ofuniversal system is complex, intricate andfunctions according to non-linear laws. The ideaof complexity itself became the focus ofscientific thought. Non-linear physics andphysics of open systems have occupied theirplace in educational and research processes ofphysics (Zaslavsky and Sagdeev, 1988;Klymantovich, 1999; Bar Yam,1997). The conceptof self-organization of physical objects isconfirmed as open dissipation systems.Fundamental categories of physics are newlyinterpreted from the position of new knowledgeof complexity. The same phenomenon can beobserved in economics as well. Wide diffusion ofknowledge, including methods, occurs amongdifferent branches of science. Interdisciplinarityof research is one of the fastest spreadingscientific methods. Our work is interdisciplinary.It is an attempt to considereconomic problem from position of non-linearphysics, or, more exactly, - from position ofphysics of non-linear wave processes. So we areaware that “pure” physicists interested ineconomics can reveal triviality and evendilettantism in stated context and they will beright.Economists, acquainted with physics, can rejectthe very method of approach and they will beright as well. It is due to the fact that economicsstudies human objects, the ones possessingreason and right to choose and makingdecisions, i.e. biological objects, while physicsstudies physical objects.In such times, when companies struggle toremain on the market, a good question arises:can we still afford to focus on sustainabledevelopment?2010/Fascicule 2/AprilJune /Tome III 39
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