ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS - Bulletin of Engineering

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ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS – BULLETIN of ENGINEERINGConference-13 th -edition with internationalparticipation, Engineering series, no.2, ISSN1844-4856,Tîrgu Jiu, 2008.[3] TOKAR ADRIANA, SPOREA ION, OLARIU MIRCEA ş.a,Considerations regarding the refractoriness ofaluminium alloys intended for casting into heatengine pistons, The 14th InternationalConference, The Knowledge-BasedOrganization,ISSN 1843-6722 Sibiu, 2008.[4] TOKAR ADRIANA, BUJOR VICTOR, SPOREA, ION,Refractoriness of alloz from the polznar szstemAl-Cu-Mg-Si-Mn-Ti etc used on piston casting forheat engines, International CongressAutomotive Safetz and Environment SMAT,Tom II, E19(97), ISBN 978-606-510-253-8,Craiova, 2008[5] SPOREA ION, GHIŢĂ MIHAI, UROŞU D., O vlianiipoperecinâh vânuya kolebanii na kacestroobrâb. rezaniem aluminiemvâh splarov., TT iTS-98, Nr,7-8, Penza, 1998, Rassia.[6] SPOREA ION, ş.a., Studiul prelucrării prinaşchiere a aliajelor de tip siluminiu, BST al IPT,Tom. 22(36), Fasc.1, Timişoara 1977.[7] SPOREA ION, DREUCEANU AUREL, PAULESCUGHEORGHE, Contribuţii la studiul aşchiabilităţiiprin strunjire a unor aliaje de tip silumin,Conferinţa a-III-a PUPR, Timişoara, 1978A CTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS– BULLETIN of ENGINEERINGISSN: 2067-3809 [CD-Rom, online]copyright ©University Politehnica Timisoara,Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara,5, Revolutiei,331128, Hunedoara,ROMANIAhttp://acta.fih.upt.roAUTHORS & AFFILIATION1.ADRIANA TOKAR,2.ION SPOREA,3.ARINA NEGOIŢESCU1. 2 , 3.FACULTY OF MECHANICS TIMISOARA,NIVERSITY “POLITEHNICA” TIMISOARA, ROMANIAUANNALSofFACULTY ENGINEERING HUNEDOARA– INTERNATIONALJOURNAL of ENGINEERINGISSN: 1584-2665 [print, online]ISSN: 1584-2673 [CD-Rom, online]copyright ©University Politehnica Timisoara,Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara,5, Revolutiei,331128, Hunedoara,ROMANIAhttp://annals.fih.upt.ro562010/Fascicule 2/AprilJune /Tome III
1.MARTIN FRIEDMANN, 2. LUCIAN MOLDOVANCONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE TESTING OFELECTRICAL APPARATUS WITH THE TYPE OFPROTECTION “INCREASED SAFETY”Abstract:Increased safety “e” represent a type of protection applied to electrical apparatus in which additionalmeasures are applied so as to give increased security against the possibility of excessive temperaturesand of the occurrence of arcs and sparks in normal service or under specified abnormal conditions.Keywords:type of protection, increased safety, type testsGENERALITIESEvaluation and testing of equipments thatcompose an explosion-proof system, in purposeof certification, is very important consideringthe existing explosion risk which has to beminimized to ensure peoples health andsecurity, as well as to prevent goods damageand, not in the last instance, to protect theenvironment.The type of protection increased safety “e”applies to electrical apparatus with a rated valueof supply voltage not exceeding 11 kV r.m.s. a.c.or d.c. Additional measures are applied toensure that the apparatus does not producearcs, sparks, or excessive temperatures innormal operation or under specified abnormalconditions.The principle for the type of protectionincreased safety is represented by carefullychoose of the materials used for construction ofsuch kind of apparatus, assurance of certainclearances and creepage distances in suchmanner that the probability of a failure to occurand to result an electric arc or spark to bereduced at an acceptable level; as well as toensure an adequate degree of protection for theapparatus enclosure.For the certification of electrical apparatus withtype of protection increased safety, this shouldbe submitted to type tests and routine tests.In the type tests category are included the teststo determine the maximum surface temperature(to include the apparatus in a certaintemperature class), tests for resistance to impact,dielectric strength test, tests for degree ofprotection (IP) and, if necessary, tests for thermalendurance to heat and cold, resistance to light,resistance to chemical agents and other testswhich are specific for different types ofapparatus.The tests for thermal endurance to heat andcold, determination of surface temperature forluminaries and electric motors; anddetermination of time t E for electrical rotatingmachines now can be done at INCD-INSEMEX.The apparatus needed to run these tests was inpart acquired with funds from National© copyright FACULTY of ENGINEERING – HUNEDOARA, ROMANIA 57
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