TORTURE AND ILL-TREATMENT OF CHILDREN IN UKRAINE

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Torture and ill-treatment of children in Ukrainesuch agreements, they need to actively defend themselves, and the prisonpersonnel are not always capable of helping them.Those who belong to the category of prisoners who can have problemsregarding relations with other prisoners include::— people who don’t observe rules of personal hygiene, don’t wash;— people seen as psychologically disturbed.We would point out that in places of confinement people inclined to psychoticbehaviour more often pose a problem for cellmates than to themselves,however they can also face force and brutal treatment aimed at stopping theiraggressive behaviour. The behaviour of a victim of force is often linked withthe development of neuroses, however the analysis of this links is beyond thescope of the present study.1404.2.2 Tool С2Semi-structured interviews with people released from places of confinementwho had been under criminal investigation and served sentences beforethey reached the age of maturity20 people in all were surveyed who following their release live in Kyiv, theKyiv, Zhytomyr, and Chernihiv oblasts. Support expected from the Ministry forSocial Policy in carrying out the study was not received due to the low level ofinterest of officials from the Ministry in the study.Considerable assistance in carrying out the study was provided byA. O. Sukhorukov, the Head of the Board of the International Human RightsSociety — Ukrainian Section, Kyiv. Some of the selection of respondents wasalso formed with the help of personal contacts of the working group. The interviewswere carried out on condition of total confidentiality. Personal dataabout the respondents was not gathered, and information about the officialswas not named by them. The respondents were informed about the objectiveof the study in accordance with the technical requirements of the Client. Verbalconsent was obtained for carrying out the study.The information obtained from people at liberty largely coincide with thatreceived from the sample selection of prisoners, however there were somewhatmore reports of force and ill-treatment. The hypothesis that people releasedwould talk about the conditions in places of confinement rather moreopenly was in general found to be true. We would however note that among
Section 4Torture and ill-treatment of children in the context of juvenile justicethose released who had been in SIZO and not in the colony, there were moreoften attempts to totally deny or minimize their guilt and report their highlevel of steadfastness in communicating with the law enforcement bodies.With four of the people released from several weeks to several monthsbefore, one saw a state which was reminiscent of post-traumatic syndrome.It was difficult for them to stop, and talking about their time in SIZO, they oftengot caught up on recalling situations of conflict or everyday discomfort.The emotions which these respondents demonstrated show that the memoriesremained immediate for them. In somewhat simplistic terms one can assertthat they had physically left the place where they were confined, howeverat the level of psychological representation, they remain within those samewalls of the cell, continuing to compare or even equate the current placethey’re in with “prison” and perceive themselves as deprived of their liberty.Less obvious post-traumatic elements were observed in a considerablylarger number of respondents released. 67 .The social conditions which lead to crimes being committed were describedby those released in a way analogous to those in the corrective colonies— social orphans; difficult financial conditions; drunkenness and drug addiction;a criminogenic peer milieu or of slightly older young people.Respondents from school-orphanages describe them in a largely negativeway. One person release who had been in three such school-orphanagesdescribed one of them as very bad, “the end”, because they virtually didn’t getany food there, the staff systematically humiliated the kids. A school-orphanagewas described as being “OK” because it had issued them with new clothesand bed linen, and had provided them with enough to eat.• Force in the context of juvenile justiceIn 11 out of 20 cases force by police officers during detention was mentioned.The force was often described as unwarranted, and not appropriate tothe situation. In several cases the police carrying out the detention were wearingcivilian clothing, refused to present documents which made it impossibleto be sure that they were indeed police officers.67 We would note that the diagnosis of post-traumatic syndrome is not within the competenceof a social psychologist and needs to be undertaken by licensed experts on the basisof comprehensive psychiatric and psychological assessments. However the author is capable ofmaking well-founded assumptions about the nature of the psychological disorder.141
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DesignerBoris ZakharovOn the cover
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Section 5. ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIV
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ForewordThe investigation comprised
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Methodological framework of the stu
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⇒ 1. Information about the projec
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Section 1Analysis of legislation on
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TORTURE AND ILL-TREATMENT OF CHILDREN IN UKRAINE

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