TORTURE AND ILL-TREATMENT OF CHILDREN IN UKRAINE

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Torture and ill-treatment of children in Ukrainebut only indirectly evaluated through psychological methods. Direct cessationof unlawful behaviour is undoubtedly necessary, however certainty thatthe unlawful behaviour will not be repeated in a certain manner can only appearwhen we minimise its social and psychological causes. Directing workwith offenders solely at correcting behaviour during the period of the sentenceis, from the point of view of psychological clearly not enough.An important component of the issue studied here is the specific featuresof the development of personality of 14–18-year olds. It is at this age that adolescentsparticularly intensely feel the need to identify with the group, to belowto a group where they’re valued highly. Some typical age-linked featuresof minors are heightened tendency to impulsive actions; wanting to provethat they belong in the adult world; to assert themselves in the group at theexpense of those who don’t belong to the group; they can be used for theirown purposes by the leaders of criminal gangs.Even in the absence of directed training by adult offenders, adolescentswho are looking for unlawful entertainment or a way of earning month canfind them by themselves. Examples to imitate are fairly easily found in themedia and mass culture. Adolescents in general are probably capable ofdistinguishing between the real and the virtual worlds, however they cantake the attitudes circulated through mass culture quite seriously. A pseudoneedemerges to definitely become “cool” with the help of violence, to getas many as possible prestigious articles of consumption with as little effortas possible.However it is worth warning against making age factors too absolute.We are not dealing with some kind of fundamental “difficult” or “transitional”age, but about interaction between age, personal and social factors.Since:1) according to modern psychological theories, the formation of the corepersonality takes place up to the age of 5. This is confirmed by observations ofpenitentiary psychologists: it’s easier for them to work with adolescents whohad a normal upbringing in children and became involved in unlawful behaviouronly as adolescents.2) with young people over the age of 18 one can observe a certain infantilism,individual psychological features typical for an earlier age. An importanttendency of the modern day an artificial extension of social “maturing” ofyoung people applying even to those who are already working;162
Section 4Torture and ill-treatment of children in the context of juvenile justice3) It is accordingly beneficial to take age factors into account, and analyzethe behaviour of young officials. Some of them, having gone throughan overly tolerant check of professional fitness may retain infantile personalfeatures, wish to assert their superiority with the help of force, without therebeing any work-related need or other rational motives. See also Section 2.4table 3 where an expert evaluation is provided of the need for self-assertionas a cause of violence.Violence in the minors’ milieu is often viewed by them as an internal matterof a group of peers which adults don’t need to be told about. This attitudeto violence is used as a tool for additional pressure on minors under criminalinvestigator and convicted prisoners. It is most likely that violence will beaimed at people who join an already created group, or at people who havelow social status in places of confinement — “opushcheni”, “kozli” etc.In our assessment additional examination is needed of issues linkedwith ensuring prophylactic measures for professional deformation of thepersonality among police and Penitentiary Service officers which lead toviolence and ill-treatment. The available studies of these problems, in thefirst instance, carried out by Ukrainian researchers on domestic material,should be as a minimum brought to the attention of interested individuals,as a maximum — continued according to improved methodology. We wouldnote that certain denials are elicited by attempts to review the construct ofprofessional deformation separately from personality traits, from the psychologicalfeatures of a particular person (Study by the State Penitentiary Service,Bila Tserkva, 2008]4.7. General conclusions4.7.1 Prevalence of violence and ill-treatment of minors1) Violence and ill-treatment are fairly widespread during detention. Noris violence by police officers always determined by the need to stop unlawfulbehaviour. It is sometimes applied with official powers being exceeded.The purpose of violence when a person is being detailed may also be the wishof police officers to demonstrate their superiortyto those detaned, to assertthemselves or defuse psychological pressure.163
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DesignerBoris ZakharovOn the cover
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Section 5. ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIV
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ForewordThe investigation comprised
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Methodological framework of the stu
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⇒ 1. Information about the projec
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Section 1Analysis of legislation on
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TORTURE AND ILL-TREATMENT OF CHILDREN IN UKRAINE

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