TORTURE AND ILL-TREATMENT OF CHILDREN IN UKRAINE

Section 4Torture and ill-treatment of children in the context of juvenile justice16) Improving norms of legislation which pertain to replacing forms ofpunishment with ones which are more lenient.4.2.10 How much is violence among minors a problem in places of confinement?How widespread are criminal subcultures in places ofconfinement?1) Andriy Didenko:It’s on violence that relations between prisoners in juvenile penitentiaryinstitutions are based, moreover violence by those prisoners who are “activists”against those who aren’t.The division of units up according to unites with the appointment of foremen,brigade leaders, people in charge of hygiene and others from amongprisoners (mainly those who are already 18 or over), administration helpersgiven unlimited powers creates a criminal subculture among the prisonersand also generates hatred towards the administration helpers and institutionalpersonnel.2) Volodymyr Batchaev:Violence in relations between people sentenced to terms of imprisonmentis prevalent specifically among minors. The level of popularity of thecriminal subculture and observance of specific norms of behaviour which thecriminal authorities establish remains considerable, despite some reductioncompared with the 1980s and 90s.3) Natalia Kozarenko:As a rule, underage prisoners demonstrate brutality during conflicts whichin the majority of cases ends in physical violence against someone. Moreoversuch violent acts by minors are much more brutal than with adults in the samesituations. There is a very high tendency towards carrying out group violentactions.Among minors there are manifestations of criminal subculture in the waythey become divided into casts — the cool ones, the guys who work in correctivecolony workshops; the “kozli” in service roles and the “opushcheni” whoare rejected by the other castes. As well as these main castes in the subcultureof children prisoners there are other sub-casts which can have different157