(fixed-network), Greece (mobile), Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Romania (fixed-network), whileimpairment losses on property, plant and equipment were recognised in Romania (fixed-network).In 2010, the increase in profit from operations was primarily a result of the EUR 2.3 billion goodwillimpairment loss recognised in 2009, of which EUR 1.8 billion related to the cash-generating unit T-Mobile UK. This contrasted with impairment losses of EUR 0.7 billion recognised in 2010 on goodwilland property, plant and equipment in the fixed-network businesses of Greece and Romania and themobile communications businesses of Romania and Albania. In 2010, profit from operations was alsopositively affected by the fact that, between September 2009 and March 2010, T-Mobile UK wasclassified as held for sale, and, as a result, depreciation and amortisation were not recognised.- Cash CapexIn 2011, the decrease in cash capex was mainly attributable to the deconsolidation of T-Mobile UK. Inaddition, investment activity in most countries within Deutsche Telekom's Europe operating segmentwas restrained owing to the difficult market situation, decisions by regulatory authorities, andadditional financial burdens, such as the special tax in Hungary and the real estate tax in Greece. Atthe same time, Deutsche Telekom's cash capex increased, for example, in connection with extendingexisting or obtaining new mobile communications licenses. In Greece, Deutsche Telekom purchasedspectrum in the 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz frequency ranges for EUR 119 million. As well as the acquisitionof additional frequencies, the purchase price also covers the extension of the existing mobilecommunications license. Deutsche Telekom acquired mobile communications licenses in the 0.9 GHzfrequency range in Albania for a price of EUR 17 million. In Slovakia Deutsche Telekom spent EUR 48million to extend its mobile communications licenses by another ten years.In 2010, the decline in cash capex, despite the effects of the first full-year consolidation of OTE, wasprimarily a result of the deconsolidation of T-Mobile UK. Furthermore, the difficult market situationcombined with the special tax in Hungary and the tax on mobile communications in Croatia led torestraint in investment in these countries.In 2012, Deutsche Telekom plans to focus its capital expenditure on upgrading the networkinfrastructure. In mobile communications, Deutsche Telekom plans to concentrate its efforts onintroducing LTE as the fourth-generation mobile technology in Hungary and Croatia. At the same timeDeutsche Telekom intends to invest in building out the UMTS networks and making them ready forHSPA plus in most of the countries in this operating segment. In 2012, Deutsche Telekom again plansto take part in spectrum auctions. Deutsche Telekom plans to make additional investments in the fixednetwork to increase broadband coverage and in improving customer service.United StatesCustomer DevelopmentThe following table provides information on Deutsche Telekom's mobile operations in the UnitedStates.1Customers 1For the years ended 31December2011 2010(in millions)Total 33.2 33.7Contract 24.8 26.4Prepaid 8.4 7.3Deutsche Telekom counts its mobile communications customers by the number of SIM cards activated and not churned.Deutsche Telekom's customer figures include the SIM cards with which machines can communicate with one another.Deutsche Telekom counts contract customers as customers for the length of their contracts and count prepaid customers ascustomers as long as they continue to use Deutsche Telekom's services, and then for a prescribed period thereafter, whichdiffers by country. Generally, at the end of this period, or in the case of payment default or voluntary disconnection, thecustomers are cancelled or "churned".92
In 2011, the United States operating segment was affected by uncertainty related to the formerlyproposed sale of T-Mobile USA to AT&T. The United States operating segment had a net decrease of549,000 customers compared to 56,000 net customer losses in 2010. Compared to 2010, increasedcontract customer losses in 2011 were partially offset by prepaid customer growth. In 2011, T-MobileUSA had 1.7 million net contract customer losses compared to 318,000 net contract customer lossesin 2010.The decline in contract customer gross additions in 2011 was partially due to the implementation ofstrengthened credit standards, which was an aspect of T-Mobile USA's focus on improving the overallquality of its contract customer base. This decline was also due to increased competitive intensity,including the launch of the iPhone 4S by three competitors in the fourth quarter of 2011, and increasedchurn. This decline was partially offset by customer growth in partner branded mobile plans andmobile broadband.Connected devices contributed to net customer additions in 2011 and totaled 2.4 million as of31 December 2011, but these additions were 195,000 fewer than in 2010 due to increased churn. In2011, T-Mobile USA had 1.1 million net prepaid customer additions compared to 262,000 in 2010. Thesignificant improvement in net prepaid customer additions in 2011 was due primarily to growth ofunlimited monthly 4G prepaid plans. Additionally, MVNO customer growth continued to be strong,consistent with the result in 2010. Total MVNO customers increased to 3.6 million as of 31 December2011 from 2.8 million as of 31 December 2010. The number of customers using 3G and 4Gsmartphones (which include UMTS/HSPA/HSPA plus enabled smartphones) was 11.0 million at theend of 2011, an increase of over 34% compared to the 8.2 million at the end of 2010.T-Mobile USA's blended churn increased to 3.6% per month in 2011, compared to 3.4% per month in2010 driven by higher churn from T-Mobile branded customers, defined as total customers less MVNOand connected device (machine-to-machine) customers. This resulted from competition from theiPhone (which has not been offered by T-Mobile USA) and connected devices, partially offset byimprovement in branded prepaid churn.In December 2011, Deutsche Telekom and AT&T, Inc. jointly terminated their agreement to sell T-Mobile USA to AT&T. Following the termination of the planned sale, T-Mobile USA has continued tofocus on implementing its Challenger strategy. Key elements of this strategy include attracting andretaining a loyal customer base through new market initiatives and customer retention programs,driving operational efficiencies, focusing on the continued enhancement of network quality, developingattractive handset offerings and addressing the business customer segment more actively. Inconnection with this strategy, T-Mobile USA is relaunching its brand to focus on providing the bestvalue in wireless, in terms of affordability and technology, to support its mission to make 4G servicesaffordable. In addition, Deutsche Telekom is considering strategic options to strengthen T-MobileUSA's capital structure.In 2010, the United States operating segment had a net decrease of 56,000 customers, compared to1.0 million net customer additions in 2009. The number of T-Mobile branded customers decreased in2010. At the same time, the number of MVNO and connected device customers increased. In addition,there was a decline in the proportion of contract customers in the overall customer base.The development in net contract customer losses was due primarily to a decline in FlexPay contractgross additions, which was partially offset by strong connected device growth. Connected devicecustomers totaled 1.9 million at 31 December 2010. The change in prepaid customer additions in 2010compared to 2009 was due primarily to higher deactivations from MVNO and traditional prepaidcustomers. At 31 December 2010, T-Mobile USA had 2.8 million MVNO customers.T-Mobile USA's total churn increased in 2010 primarily to higher prepaid churn from MVNOcustomers. Total churn increased due to competitive intensity during the year, including handsetinnovation, such as the iPhone that is offered by Deutsche Telekom's competitors, and marketlaunches by regional unlimited wireless carriers. Contract churn remained high as intense competitioncontinued to impact churn. T-Mobile USA's contract customer churn rate in 2009 increased partially asa result of competitive intensity, including competition based on handset innovation.Competitive differences, differences in features and services due to the use of multiple wirelesstechnologies, and general differences in consumer behavior between the United States and Europefactor into higher industry churn rates in the United States compared to Europe. However, the churnrate of T-Mobile USA's operations is higher than the U.S. industry average due in part to the higher93
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