Reducing Adolescent Sexual Risk: A Theoretical - ETR Associates

Incidence The number of new cases of a disease ina defined population, within a specified period oftime.Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model(IMB) The model that states HIV preventioninformation and motivation work through preventivebehavioral skills to influence risk reductionbehaviors.Instructional principles Standards or guidelinesthat can help improve the quality of instruction.Intentions Courses of action that people expect tofollow.Intervention mapping A framework for healtheducation intervention development consistingof five steps: (1) creating a matrix of proximalprogram objectives, (2) selecting theory-basedintervention methods and practical strategies, (3)designing and organizing a program, (4) specifyingadoption and implementation plans, and (5)generating program evaluation plans.Invulnerability The belief that one will not beinjured, damaged or wounded. Some peoplebelieve this characterizes adolescent beliefs aboutrisk behaviors.Learning objective A brief, clear, specific statementof what participants will be able to performat the conclusion of instructional activities.Logic model A pictorial diagram that shows therelationship among program components, activitiesand desired health outcomes.Normative messages Communications directedtoward a targeted group (such as youth) designedto convey expectations or standards of expected oracceptable behavior.Norms Standards of expected or acceptable behaviorfor a specific group.Parent-child connectedness The strength of theemotional bond between parent and child andthe degree to which this bond is both mutual andsustained over time.Pedagogical principles Instructional principlesthat increase learning.Pedagogy Teaching methods; the principles andmethods of instruction.Perceptions of peer norms What individualsbelieve that others like themselves believe isexpected or acceptable for them to do.Perceptions of risk The extent to which individualsfeel they are subject to a health threat.Pilot testing Trying out research interventions andmethods or health education programs and projectsto uncover problems or identifying improvementsbefore the actual program or researchproject is launched.Poll A questioning or canvassing of personsselected at random or by quota to obtain informationor opinions to be analyzed.Prevalence The number of events, e.g., instancesof a given disease or other condition in a givenpopulation at a designated time.Principle A rule or standard.Protective factor A factor that reduces the likelihoodthat a particular disease or adverse healthoutcome will occur.Reciprocal causality Two events directly influenceeach other simultaneously.Representative survey A survey with a samplethat well represents the population from whichthe sample is drawn, e.g., a survey based on alarge randomly selected sample.Risk factor A factor that increases the chances ofa negative behavior or outcome, or reduces thechances of a positive behavior or outcome.Roleplay An educational and training method thatallows learners to practice new communicationskills in life-like vignettes or dramas.Self-efficacy Confidence in one’s ability to engagein a behavior successfully.130 Reducing Adolescent Sexual Risk: A Theoretical Guide for Developing and Adapting Curriculum-Based Programs