Reducing Adolescent Sexual Risk: A Theoretical - ETR Associates

Table5-4Examples of Survey Items from Research Studies of Attitudes, Values and Beliefs in Different Domains(Continued)Each item with a + sign represents a positive perception and a protective factor, while each item with a – sign represents a negativeperception and a risk factor. Thus, within each scale, items with a + sign should be scored in the opposite direction of those with a – sign.Attitudes, Values and Beliefs About Using Condoms/ContraceptionPositive orNegativeFactor+If+If+If+IfPositive orNegativeFactor+I+I+I+I+I+IPositive orNegativeFactor–It–It–I–I–Having+Having–WhenPerceived effectiveness of condoms andcontraceptionused correctly and consistently, condoms areeffective at preventing pregnancy.used correctly and consistently, contraception such asbirth control pills is effective at preventing pregnancy.used correctly and consistently, condoms are quiteeffective at preventing some STDs.used correctly and consistently, condoms areeffective at preventing HIV.Personal values, attitudes and beliefs aboutcondoms and contraceptionbelieve condoms should always be used if a person myage is sexually active.believe contraception should always be used if aperson my age is sexually active.believe that condoms should always be used if aperson my age has sex, even if the two people knoweach other very well.believe that condoms should always be used if aperson my age has sex, even if they are going together.believe that condoms should always be usedif a person my age has sex, even if the girl usescontraception.believe that another form of contraception shouldalways be used, even if the guy uses a condom.Perceived costs and barriers to usingcondomswould be embarrassing to buy a condom in a store.would be embarrassing to ask my partner to use acondom.would be afraid my partner would be angry if I askedhim/her to use a condom.am afraid that my sex partner would think I aminfected with an STD if I asked him/her to use a condom.condoms in case I have sex makes me appeareasy.condoms in case I have sex makes me feelprepared.I’m all excited, I don’t want to think about usingcondoms.Positive orNegativeFactor–Using–It–Using–Condoms–Condoms–Condoms–Condoms+Condoms+Using+UsingPositive orNegativeFactor+Most+Most+Most–Women–If+Most–VeryPerceived costs and barriers to usingcondoms (Continued)condoms disrupts the mood.would be embarrassing to put on a condom.condoms is a hassle.reduce the pleasure of sex.reduce sensation during sex.are messy.create distrust in a relationship.are comfortable to use.condoms can be sexy.condoms makes me feel more secure that I willnot cause a pregnancy or get an STD.Perceived peer norms about condom orcontraceptive useof my friends believe condoms should always beused if a person my age has sex.of my friends believe condoms should always beused if a person my age has sex, even if the girl usesbirth control pills.of my friends believe condoms should always beused if a person my age has sex, even if the two peopleknow each other very well.who carry condoms are looking for sex.you tell your partner you want to use a condom, yourpartner will think you’re having sex with other people.young people use contraception when they havesex.few young people are doing anything to protectthemselves against STDs.Chapter 5 Addressing Attitudes, Values and Beliefs 69