Astroparticle Physics

More documents

Recommendations

Info

242 11 The Cosmic Microwave BackgroundFig. 11.5The horizon distance at the time oflast scattering as viewed by ustoday in (a) a flat universe (Ω = 1)and (b) an open universe (Ω
Page 2:
Astroparticle Physics
Page 6:
Prof. Dr. Claus GrupenUniversity of
Page 12:
VIPrefaceand M.Sc. Mehmet T. Kurt (
Page 16:
VIIIPrefaceOn top of that, the basi
Page 20:
XTable of Contents5 Acceleration Me
Page 24:
XIITable of Contents11 The Cosmic M
Page 30:
11 Historical Introduction“Look i
Page 34:
1.1 Discoveries in the 20th Century
Page 38:
Page 42:
Page 46:
1.2 Discoveries of New Elementary P
Page 50:
1.3 Start of the Satellite Era 11ex
Page 54:
1.3 Start of the Satellite Era 13CO
Page 58:
1.3 Start of the Satellite Era 1519
Page 62:
1.4 Open Questions 171989) and at e
Page 66:
1.5 Problems 191.5 Problems1. Work
Page 72:
22 2 The Standard Model of Elementa
Page 84:
}28 2 The Standard Model of Element
Page 88:
Page 92:
Page 98:
353 Kinematics and Cross Sections
Page 102:
3.1 Threshold Energies 373.1 Thresh
Page 106:
3.2 Four-Vectors 39Example 3: Consi
Page 110:
3.2 Four-Vectors 41Example 6: Muon
Page 114:
3.2 Four-Vectors 43Because of E γ2
Page 118:
3.3 Lorentz Transformation 45energi
Page 122:
3.5 Problems 47If j is the particle
Page 126:
494 Physics of Particleand Radiatio
Page 130:
4.2 Interaction Processes Used for
Page 134:
4.2 Interaction Processes Used for
Page 138:
4.3 Principles of the Atmospheric A
Page 142:
4.4 Special Aspects of Photon Detec
Page 146:
4.6 Propagation and Interactions of
Page 150:
4.8 Problems 61board of a satellite
Page 154:
635 Acceleration Mechanisms“Physi
Page 158:
5.2 Acceleration by Sunspot Pairs 6
Page 162:
5.3 Shock Acceleration 67The ejecte
Page 166:
5.5 Pulsars 69Since this accelerati
Page 170:
5.6 Binaries 71one obtains, using E
Page 174:
5.7 Energy Spectra of Primary Parti
Page 178:
5.7 Energy Spectra of Primary Parti
Page 182:
776 Primary Cosmic Rays“It will b
Page 186:
6.1 Charged Component of Primary Co
Page 190:
Page 194:
Page 198:
Page 202:
6.2 Neutrino Astronomy 87is only co
Page 206:
6.2 Neutrino Astronomy 89ν e + e
Page 210:
6.2 Neutrino Astronomy 91For an ass
Page 214:
6.2 Neutrino Astronomy 93upward-goi
Page 218:
6.2 Neutrino Astronomy 957 Be + p
Page 222:
6.2 Neutrino Astronomy 97A reconstr
Page 226:
6.2 Neutrino Astronomy 99nos (or in
Page 230:
6.2 Neutrino Astronomy 101In the ho
Page 234:
6.2 Neutrino Astronomy 103The exper
Page 238:
6.2 Neutrino Astronomy 105muon spec
Page 242:
6.2 Neutrino Astronomy 107The setup
Page 246:
6.3 Gamma Astronomy 109All parts of
Page 250:
6.3 Gamma Astronomy 111The energy s
Page 254:
6.3 Gamma Astronomy 1136.3.3 Measur
Page 258:
6.3 Gamma Astronomy 115v = c n = 29
Page 262:
6.3 Gamma Astronomy 117The relation
Page 266:
6.3 Gamma Astronomy 119Future space
Page 270:
6.3 Gamma Astronomy 121γ -ray burs
Page 274:
6.4 X-Ray Astronomy 123bursters all
Page 278:
6.4 X-Ray Astronomy 125synchrotron
Page 282:
6.4 X-Ray Astronomy 127In 1952 Wolt
Page 286:
6.4 X-Ray Astronomy 129In 1959 the
Page 290:
6.4 X-Ray Astronomy 131Measurements
Page 294:
6.5 Gravitational-Wave Astronomy 13
Page 298:
6.5 Gravitational-Wave Astronomy 13
Page 302:
6.6 Problems 1373. Radiation exposu
Page 306:
6.6 Problems 139the star and its te
Page 310:
1417 Secondary Cosmic Rays“There
Page 314:
7.1 Propagation in the Atmosphere 1
Page 318:
7.1 Propagation in the Atmosphere 1
Page 322:
7.2 Cosmic Rays at Sea Level 1477.2
Page 326:
7.2 Cosmic Rays at Sea Level 149muo
Page 330:
7.3 Cosmic Rays Underground 151N(ν
Page 334:
7.3 Cosmic Rays Underground 153[ a
Page 338:
7.3 Cosmic Rays Underground 155Fig.
Page 342:
7.4 Extensive Air Showers 157hadron
Page 346:
7.4 Extensive Air Showers 159precis
Page 350:
7.4 Extensive Air Showers 161primar
Page 354:
7.5 Nature and Origin of the Highes
Page 358:
Page 362:
Page 366:
7.6 Problems 169‘Milky Way’ of
Page 370:
1718 Cosmology“As far as the laws
Page 374:
8.1 The Hubble Expansion 173isotrop
Page 378:
8.2 The Isotropic and Homogeneous U
Page 382:
8.3 The Friedmann Equation from New
Page 386:
8.4 The Friedmann Equation from Gen
Page 390:
8.4 The Friedmann Equation from Gen
Page 394:
8.7 Nature of Solutions to the Frie
Page 398:
8.7 Nature of Solutions to the Frie
Page 402:
8.8 Experimental Evidence for the V
Page 406:
8.9 Problems 189where E max is the
Page 410:
1919 The Early Universe“Who cares
Page 414:
9.2 Thermodynamics of the Early Uni
Page 418:
Page 422:
Page 426:
9.3 Solving the Friedmann Equation
Page 430:
9.3 Solving the Friedmann Equation
Page 434:
9.4 Thermal History of the First Te
Page 438:
9.5 The Baryon Asymmetry of the Uni
Page 442:
Page 446:
Page 450:
9.6 Problems 211investigation of CP
Page 454:
21310 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis“In
Page 458:
10.2 Start of the BBN Era 215these
Page 462: 10.3 The Neutron-to-Proton Ratio 21
Page 466: 10.4 Neutrino Decoupling, Positron
Page 470: 10.5 Synthesis of Light Nuclei 221i
Page 474: 10.6 Detailed BBN 223Fig. 10.4Evolu
Page 478: 10.6 Detailed BBN 225prediction for
Page 482: 10.7 Constraints on the Number of N
Page 486: 22911 The Cosmic MicrowaveBackgroun
Page 490: 11.2 Discovery and Basic Properties
Page 494: 11.3 Formation of the CMB 23311.3 F
Page 498: 11.4 CMB Anisotropies 235Once the p
Page 502: 11.5 The Monopole and Dipole Terms
Page 506: 11.6 Determination of Cosmological
Page 510: 11.6 Determination of Cosmological
Page 516: 244 11 The Cosmic Microwave Backgro
Page 520: 246 12 Inflation12.1 The Horizon Pr
Page 524: 248 12 InflationΩ at the Planck ti
Page 528: 250 12 Inflationcausally isolated r
Page 532: 252 12 InflationOne can now ask wha
Page 536: 254 12 Inflationexcitation of this
Page 540: 256 12 InflationFig. 12.3Schematic
Page 544: 258 12 Inflationinflationary period
Page 548: 260 12 Inflationdilutionof magnetic
Page 552: 262 12 InflationFig. 12.4Measuremen
Page 556: 264 12 InflationΩ gravity waves =
Page 560: 266 13 Dark Matterearly universedev
Page 564:
268 13 Dark Mattermass density54321
Page 568:
270 13 Dark Matterbrown dwarvesFig.
Page 572:
272 13 Dark MatterNACHOsultracold g
Page 576:
274 13 Dark Matterneutrinosas free
Page 580:
276 13 Dark Mattersupersymmetric ex
Page 584:
278 13 Dark MatterIt is not totally
Page 588:
280 13 Dark Mattertrue vacuumcosmol
Page 592:
282 13 Dark Matterpropertiesof non-
Page 596:
284 13 Dark MatterquintessenceBoome
Page 600:
286 13 Dark Matter3. Derive the Fer
Page 604:
288 14 Astrobiologyage of life on E
Page 608:
290 14 Astrobiologybeen the result
Page 614:
29315 Outlook“My goal is simple.
Page 618:
15 Outlook 295also the cosmological
Page 622:
15.1 Problems 29715.1 Problems1. It
Page 628:
300 16 GlossaryMeasurement of exten
Page 632:
302 16 GlossaryAn asymmetry created
Page 636:
304 16 GlossarySensitive resistance
Page 640:
306 16 GlossaryA Friedmann-Lemaîtr
Page 644:
308 16 GlossaryThe cosmological con
Page 648:
310 16 GlossaryThe apparent change
Page 652:
312 16 GlossaryFermi-Dirac distribu
Page 656:
314 16 GlossaryExtragalactic gamma-
Page 660:
316 16 GlossaryHawking radiationHaw
Page 664:
318 16 GlossaryNuclei of fixed char
Page 668:
320 16 GlossaryTotal light emission
Page 672:
322 16 GlossaryMpcMSW effectMtheory
Page 676:
324 16 GlossaryOA Friedmann-Lemaît
Page 680:
326 16 GlossaryRotating neutron sta
Page 684:
328 16 GlossaryThe number of neutra
Page 688:
330 16 GlossaryOr cascade. High-ene
Page 692:
332 16 GlossaryPhenomenon of appare
Page 696:
334 16 Glossarytime-reversal invari
Page 700:
336 16 GlossaryXX bosonXMM-NewtonX-
Page 704:
338 17 Solutionsv 2 = r 2 ω 2 = G
Page 708:
340 17 SolutionsWithµ = 1.67 × 10
Page 712:
342 17 Solutionsor2m e (E e + + m e
Page 716:
344 17 Solutions2. The relative ene
Page 720:
346 17 Solutions17.5 Chapter 51. a)
Page 724:
348 17 Solutions17.6 Chapter 6Sect.
Page 728:
350 17 Solutionsc) With the numbers
Page 732:
352 17 SolutionsSolid angle: Ω =A4
Page 736:
354 17 SolutionsThe solution of thi
Page 740:
356 17 SolutionsSect. 6.51. E = GMm
Page 744:
358 17 SolutionsN 1 (> 2GeV) = a∫
Page 748:
360 17 Solutions2E kin = 3kT M µ =
Page 752:
362 17 Solutions7. An observer in e
Page 756:
364 17 SolutionsWith the ansatzR =
Page 760:
366 17 Solutions(Solve for v ∗ :
Page 764:
368 17 Solutions17.11 Chapter 111.
Page 768:
370 17 Solutionsb) At last scatteri
Page 772:
372 17 Solutions4.( ) 2R 0 t0 3= ,R
Page 776:
374 17 SolutionsThe axion mass does
Page 780:
376 17 Solutions100 kg kgW 0 = = 50
Page 784:
378 17 SolutionsThis results inM pl
Page 790:
381A Mathematical AppendixA.1 Selec
Page 794:
A.1 Selected Formulae 383∫e x dx
Page 798:
A.2 Mathematics for Angular Variati
Page 802:
A.2 Mathematics for Angular Variati
Page 806:
389B Results from Statistical Physi
Page 810:
B.1 Statistical Mechanics Review 39
Page 814:
Page 818:
Page 822:
B.2 Number and Energy Densities 397
Page 826:
B.3 Equations of State 399which rel
Page 830:
401C Definition of Equatorialand Ga
Page 834:
403D Important Constants for Astrop
Page 838:
405References“References are like
Page 842:
407Further Reading“Education is t
Page 846:
Further Reading 409Ulf Borgeest, Ka
Page 850:
Further Reading 411M. A. Bucher, D.
Page 856:
414 Photo Credits{20} ESA/XMM-Newto
Page 860:
416 Indexanisotropy, 85, 86- cosmic
Page 864:
418 Index- of hydrogen, 94, 222, 22
Page 868:
420 Index- parameters, 243- - deter
Page 872:
422 Indexeffective number of degree
Page 876:
424 IndexFeynman diagram, 26, 98, 2
Page 880:
426 IndexHarrison-Zel’dovich spec
Page 884:
428 IndexKoshiba, M., 13kpc, 318, s
Page 888:
430 Index- standard, see StandardMo
Page 892:
432 Index- primary, energy spectrum
Page 896:
434 Indexplanet, extrasolar, 18plan
Page 900:
436 Indexrange- relation, energy-,
Page 904:
438 Index- dark, 269- double, see b
Page 908:
440 Indexuncertainty- principle, se
show all

Astroparticle Physics

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?