Astroparticle Physics

Index 417– – processes violating, 204,208, 210, 215– Ω − ,25– -to-photon ratio, 209, 214,215, 220, 224–227, 233, 243– – measured, 243baryonic matter, 265, 268, 269,275, 281, 283, 295BATSE, 121, 302beam-dump experiment, 302Becquerel, H., 3Bell, J., 8bending of light, see gravitationallensing, microlensingberyllium, 78– -7( 7 Be), 94, 213– -8( 8 Be), 95β decay, 27, 29, 302Bethe– –Bloch formula, 51, 302– –Weizsäcker cycle, 302– –Weizsäcker formula, 302Bethe, H. A., 9Biermann, L., 10Big Bang, 302– echo of the, 12– hot, 171– hypothesis, 12– model, 213, 225, 295– neutrino echo, 104– neutron, 104– nucleosynthesis, 22, 172,209, 213, 214, 217, 222, 226– – era, 215– – measurements, 227– – start, 215– – timeline, 218– proton, 104– quark production, 295– theory, 302– weak interactions, 104Big Crunch, 172, 285, 302Big Rip, 285, 303binary, 71, 72, 105, 303– γ rays, 105– X rays, 130, 155binary star, see binarybinding energy, 303– deuterium, 220– neutral hydrogen, 233– nuclear, 323binding, gravitational, seegravitational bindingbinomial distribution, 383binomial expansion andcoefficients, 381bioastronomy, 288, 303biological evolution, 288, 289bioluminescence, 106Birkhoff’s theorem, 178black hole, 5, 110, 118, 131,168, 269, 303– as WIMP candidate, 278– evaporation, 14– γ burst, 122– mini, 122, 278, 294, 321– particle jet, 119– primordial, see black hole,mini– supermassive, 332– X-ray source, 130blackbody, 303– neutrino, 273– photon, 59, 82, 273– radiation, 82, 126, 229,264, 303, 307, 389, seealso cosmic microwavebackground– – 2.7 Kelvin, 12, 104, 116,266, 283– – inhomogeneities, 283– – measurement, 284– – spectrum, 59– – temperature variations,284– – X rays, 125blazar, 118, 168, 294, 303BL-Lacertae object, 168, 303Bloch, Bethe–, formula, 51,302blue supergiant, 100blueshift, 303–cosmicmicrowavebackground, 237B meson, see B 0 mesonbolometer, 277, 304Boltzmann, see also Stefan–Boltzmann– constant, 304– factor, 213Boomerang experiment, 243,284boron, 78– -8( 8 B), 95Bose–Einstein distribution,195, 304, 389, 393boson, 24, 304, 389, 392, 393,395, 396– fermionic partner, 276– GUT, 203– Higgs, 276, 316– supersymmetry, 276– symmetrization, 391– W ± , 335– X, 249, 336– Y , 249, 336bosonic partner, 276Bothe, W., 6bottom quark, 15, 304bottom–up scenario, 283b quark, see bottom quarkBradt, H. L., 10Brahe, T., 130, 267, 304brane, 33, 304bremsstrahlung, 53, 111, 114,125, 304– muon, 54– photons, 111– probability for, 158– spectrum, 125– thermal, 125brightness– absolute, 299– excursion, 270– – duration, 271– increase, 270– relation to redshift, 186broken supersymmetry, 276brown star (dwarf), 270, 271,304– mass spectrum, 270, 271burning– of carbon, 100– of helium, 66