Astroparticle Physics

430 Index– standard, see StandardModelmodulation, solar, 141momentum– distribution, 390, 391, 396– four-, 40, 313– space, 389–391, 393, 396– – division, 392– spectrometer, solid-iron, 148– spectrum– – muon, 146– – muon, at sea level, 148– – primary cosmic rays, 143– – proton, 146– tensor, energy–, 180– transverse, 144– vector, 391– – four-, 39monopole– magnetic, 169, 245, 294,320– – as topological defect, 249– – density, 259– – dilution, 260– – energy density, 250– – number density, 250, 260– – search, 250– – stability, 249– problem, 248, 251, 259, 321– term, 236Moon in X-ray light, 132Mpc, 322, see also parsecMSW effect, 98, 322M theory, 33, 322Muirhead, H., 9multiplate spark chamber, 113multiple scattering, 144multiplet– isospin, 29– super-, 276multiplicity, 322multipole expansion, 236, 387multiverse, 290, 322multiwire proportionalchamber, 56, 129muon, 9, 21, 322– at sea level, 147– atmospheric flux, 144– bremsstrahlung, 54– charge ratio, 148– decay, 28, 43– – electron spectrum, 44– depth–intensity relation,152, 153– directions, 156– discovery, 9–energy– – definition, 54– – determination, 106– – loss, 54, 151, 152– – spectrum, 146, 147, 154– evidence, 89– flux at sea level, 147– high-energy, 155– in an extensive air shower,158– in rock, 152, 154– inclined horizontal direction,147– lifetime, 88– mass, 42– momentum spectrum, 146– – at sea level, 148– neutrino, 88–90, 150, seealso neutrino– – deficit, 91, 272, 294– – energy spectrum, 150– – mass, 274– number, 322– ratio, proton-to-, 149– shower in the ALEPHexperiment, 155– spectrum at sea level, 147– zenith-angle distribution,148, 153, 154nabla operator, 386NACHO, 272natural logarithm, 382natural radioactivity, 277nebula, see galaxy– planetary, 325Neddermeyer, S., 9negative– curvature, 241– pressure, 186, 198, 252, 284,322, 400neon burning, 100neutral– higgsino, 276– hydrogen, 233neutralino, 172, 276, 322neutrino, 8, 21, 282, 322– absorption line, 275– as (hot) dark matter, 272,273, 282– as fermion gas, 274– astronomy, 8, 86, 151, 294– atmospheric, 88, 272, 294– blackbody, 273– blazar as source, 168– burst of SN 1987A, 100–102– cosmic flux, 104– cosmological, 104– decay, 103– decoupling, 218– deficit, 96– – atmospheric, 272– – muon, 91, 272, 294–– solar,13– detection, 49, 51, 56, 106,107– detectors, 277– distinguishing of ν e /ν µ ,89– dominance, 282– echo of the Big Bang, 104– electron, 150– energy spectrum, 150– evidence, 88– extragalactic, 104–– burst,16– families, 214, see alsoneutrino, generation– – additional, 228– – number of, 226, 227– – number of, acceleratordata, 227– – number of, light,equivalent, 227– flavour, see neutrino,generation– galactic, 104– – halo, 275– generation, 13, 15, 22, 91,98, 101