Astroparticle Physics

330 16 GlossaryOr cascade. High-energy elementary particles can generate numer-ous new particles in interactions, which in turn can produce particlesin further interactions. The particle cascade generated in thisway can be absorbed in matter. The energy of the primary initiatingparticle can be derived from the number of particles observedin the particle cascade. One distinguishes electromagnetic (initiatedby electrons and photons) and hadronic showers (initiated bystrongly interacting particles, e.g., p, α,Fe,π ± ,...).shock waveshowersingularitysleptonSMCSN 1987ASNAPSNOSNRsolar flaresolar windspaghettificationspallationA very narrow region of high pressure and temperature. Particlespassing through a shock front can be effectively accelerated, if thevelocity of the shock front and that of the particle have oppositedirection.A space-time region with infinitely large curvature – a space-timepoint.Supersymmetric partner of a lepton.Small Magellanic Cloud. Galaxy in the immediate vicinity of theLarge Magellanic Cloud (LMC).Supernova explosion in the Large Magellanic Cloud in 1987. Theprogenitor star was Sanduleak.SuperNova/Acceleration Probe. A space-based experiment to measurethe properties of the accelerating universe, which depend onthe amounts of dark energy and dark matter. The proposed SNAPsatellite is expected to be launched in ≈ 2014.Sudbury Neutrino Observatory.Remnant after a supernova explosion; mostly a rotating neutronstar (pulsar).Violent eruption of gas from the Sun’s surface.Flux of solar particles (electrons and protons) streaming away fromthe Sun.A body falling into a black hole will be stretched because of thedifferential gravitation.Nuclear transmutation by high-energy particles in which – contraryto fission – a large number of nuclear fragments, α particles, andneutrons are produced.