Astroparticle Physics

Index 437– GUT, 204, 250, 293, 315– Planck, 191, 293– QCD, 204scattering, see also reaction– Compton, 113– – inverse, 111, 125, 317– cross section, differential, 47– electron–positron, 226– multiple, 144– neutrino–electron, 27– proton–proton, 50– Rutherford, 26– surface of last, 235, 240– Thomson, 234– time of last, 239Schein, M., 10Schwartz, M., 13Schwarzschild radius, 192, 329Schwarzschild, K., 5, 14scintillation, 277, 329– crystal calorimeter, 113, 114– in air, 53, 116, 159–161– mechanism, 53scintillator experiment,Baksan, 2sea quark, 25Segrè, E. G., 11selectron, 329semiconductor– counter, 56, 113, 127– – silicon, 128– pixel detector, 57separation– angular, 236– of variables, 386series– Fourier, 261– Laplace, 235, 387, 388– power, 381Seyfert galaxy, 329SGR, 123, 329shell model, 79Shelton, I., 100shock– acceleration, 66, 67, 68, 74,167– front, 67, 329– wave, 330shower, see cascade–air,see air showersilicon, 128– burning, 100– image sensor, 128– semiconductor counters, 128singularity, 14, 330, see alsoblack holeslepton, 276, 330Sloan Digital Sky Survey, 261Small Magellanic Cloud, 330small-angle anisotropy, 237SMC, see Small MagellanicCloudSmirnov, A. Yu., 98SNAP, 330SNO experiment, 18, 283SNR, see supernova remnantSoft-Gamma-Ray Repeater,see SGRsolar– flare, 330– modulation, 141– neutrinos, 1, 94, 95, 96, 104– – deficit, 13– – puzzle, 96–system– – chemical composition, 78– – rotational curves, 267– wind, 10, 141, 330solid-iron momentumspectrometer, 148sound waves in primordialplasma, 240, 241, 284sources of cosmic rays, seeorigin of cosmic raysSoviet–American GalliumExperiment, see SAGEspace-like photon, 40spaghettification, 330spallation, 330spark chamber, multiplate, 113special relativity, 5, 35, 331specific heat, 277spectator quark, 27, 30spectral index, scalar, 261spectrometer– crystal, 127– momentum, solid iron, 148spectrum– blackbody radiation, 59– bremsstrahlung, 125– cosmic microwavebackground, 232– cosmic rays, primary– – ankle of, 80, 82– – knee of, 80, 81, 167–– toeof,82– electron, from muon decay,44– energy, see energy spectrum– Harrison–Zel’dovich, 261– mass, of brown stars, 270,271– momentum, see momentumspectrum– muon, at sea level, 147– neutrino, 107– power, see power spectrum– X rays, 125spherical coordinates, 235spherical harmonics, 385, 386spin, 331, 396spontaneous symmetrybreaking, 204, 331squark, 276, 331s quark, see strange quarkstandard– candle, 2, 173, 281, 331– rock, 152Standard Cosmological Model,172, 173, 245standard deviation, 384Standard Model, 13, 21, 226,294, 331– free parameters, 287– of electroweak interactions,216– physics beyond, 293– supersymmetric extension,276star– as X-ray source, 132– binary, see binary– brown, 270, 271– cluster, 131, 331