Astroparticle Physics

426 IndexHarrison–Zel’dovich spectrum,261Hawking– radiation, 14, 316– temperature, 316Hawking, S., 14, 293HEAO, 129, 316heat, specific, 277heavy neutrino, 275Heisenberg’s uncertaintyrelation, see uncertaintyrelationHeisenberg, W., 8, 22Heitler, W., 9helicity, 28, 29, 97– conservation, 28, 42– suppression, 28, 150heliocentric, 316heliosphere, 316helium, 79, 125, 130, 220, 222,270– anti-, 84– burning, 66– from fusion reaction, 94– primary energy spectrum, 79– production, 218helium-3 ( 3 He), 94, 213– primordial abundance, 224helium-4 ( 4 He), 94, 213– abundance, 213, 221, 222,224, 225, 227– – primordial, 22– mass fraction, 221, 226, 227– – predicted, 226– – primordial, 223– reaction chain, 220– synthesis, 220HERA, 166Hertzsprung–Russell diagram,5, 316HESS telescope, 119Hess, V. F., 3Hewish, A., 8hidden quantum number, 25hierarchy of masses, 98, 273,274Higgs– boson, 276, 316– field, 204, 249, 254, 259,316– – additional, 210– mechanism, 31– potential, 254higgsino, charged and neutral,276High Energy AstronomyObservatory, see HEAOHigh Resolution Imager, seeHRIhigh-energy– events, 163, 166, 168, 169– muon, 155– neutrino, 82, 95, 105, 166,168– photon, 82, 165highest observed energy, 293highest-energy– cosmic rays, 163– events, 82, 294– proton, 163Hoffmann’s collisions, 6Hoffmann, G., 6holographic universe, 32homogeneity, universe, 175– early, 266horizon, 316– distance, 234, 241, 242– event, 14, 118, 192, 311– γ astronomy, 116– particle, 239, 240, 250, 258,324– problem, 246, 258, 316Hot Big Bang, 171hot dark matter, 273, 282, 283,316hot gas clouds, 269hot particle, 282h parameter, 175HRI, 129, 130, 317Hubble– constant, 175, 186, 187, 225,243, 263, 317, 404– diagram, 187– distance, 259, 404– expansion, 12, 173, 240– law, 175, 317– parameter, 176, 186, 187– telescope, 16, 281, 282, 317Hubble, E. P., 6Hulse, R. A., 14hydrogen, 125, 270– binding energy, 233– burning, 94, 222, 223, 317– – star, 223– fusion, 288– Lyman-α line, 224– neutral, 233– primary energy spectrum, 79hypernova, 122hyperon, 9ice Cherenkov detector, 106IceCube, 277ideal gas law, 400identification of particles, 147image– distortions, 272– double, 5, 270– sensor, silicon, 128IMB, 2, 101, 103, 317impact parameter, 270implosion, 317imprints on astrophysical data,197index of refraction– in the keV range, 126– of air, 114index, scalar spectral, 261inelasticity, 157inertia, 317inflation, 171, 205, 245, 251,253, 254, 256, 259, 260,262, 263, 266, 281, 317– causal contact, 259– end of, 255–257– graceful exit problem, 255– gravitational waves, 263– models, 261– new, 255, 256– number of e foldings, 258– Ω parameter, 257– period of, 258– start of, 257, 258– time, 263inflationary epoch, 172