Astroparticle Physics

418 Index– of hydrogen, 94, 222, 223,317– – star, 223– of oxygen, neon, silicon,sulphur, 100Burst and Transient SourceExperiment, see BATSEburst(er), see γ , X-ray, Zburst(er)Butler, C. C., 9Cabibbo– angle, 31– –Kobayashi–Maskawamatrix, 31Cabibbo, N., 31Calabi–Yau space, 33, 304calorimeter– crystal scintillation, 113,114– electromagnetic, 57, 113– sandwich, 58calorimetric measurement, 277CANGAROO, 116carbon, 78, 130– anti-, 84– burning, 100– cycle, 304– Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmincutoff, 165– primary energy spectrum, 79– production, 287Carlson, J. F., 9cascade, 330– electromagnetic, 10, 51, 55,114, 115, 143, 145, 150, 157– – longitudinal development,157– – width, 144– electron in, 157– extensive air shower, see airshower, extensive– hadronic, 55, 143, 145, 147,154, 166– – width, 144– high-energy, 165– lateral distribution, 158– lateral spreading, 144– longitudinal development,158– muon shower in the ALEPHexperiment, 155– positron in, 157Casimir effect, 181, 189, 304cataclysmic variables, 130, 305causal– contact, 239, 246, 259– isolation, 250CBI data, 243CBR (cosmic backgroundradiation), see cosmicmicrowave background andblackbody radiationCCD camera, 127, 128, 271– X-ray, 56CDF collaboration, 15CDMS experiment, 278celestial equator, 401Centaurus A, 305center, galactic, 108, 117, 118center-of-mass– energy, 37, 38– system, 44centrifugal force, 267Cepheid variables, 305CERN, 305CGRO, 16, 117, 121, 168, 305Chadwick, J., 8Chamberlain, O., 11Chandra, 305, see also AXAFChandrasekhar– limit, 174– mass, 305Chandrasekhar, S., 16, 131channel-plate multiplier, 129channeltron, 127, 128characteristic X rays, 95charge, 305, 394– colour, 306– conjugation, 29, 278, 295,305– conservation, 305– magnetic, 249– ratio, of muons, 148charge-coupled device, seeCCD cameracharged higgsino, 276chargino, 276charm quark, 14, 305chemical composition– of cosmic rays, see cosmicrays– ofthesolarsystem,see solarsystemchemical potential, 193, 305,389, 395, 397– high temperatures, 397Cherenkov– angle, 55– cone, 115– counter, see Cherenkovdetector– detector, 106, 116– – ice, 106– – water, 56, 96, 106, 158– effect, 89, 306– light, see Cherenkovradiation– radiation, 49, 55, 114, 158,159– ring, 56– technique, atmospheric, 55,79, 114, 116, 300– telescope, 16, 119CKM matrix, see Cabibbo–Kobayashi–MaskawamatrixClay, J., 6closed universe, 184, 306cloud– chamber,4,8– gas– – cold, 269– – hot, 269– – ultracold, 272– magnetic, 63, 68, 69cluster, see also galaxy cluster– size, 284– stellar, 131, 331– super-, 131, 265, 282, 283– – local, 162, 319– temperature, 284– Virgo, 169, 335