Astroparticle Physics

Index 439tau, 9, 21, 333– lepton number, 333– neutrino, 92– – mass, 274– – mass limits, 273Tau Boötis, 18Taylor, J. H., 14technique– Cherenkov, atmospheric, 55,79, 114, 116, 119, 300– cryogenic, 58– extensive air showermeasurement, 158, 160, 161– fluorescence, 79, 159– Fly’s Eye, 53, 159, 161– pixel-lensing, 271telescope– Cherenkov, 16, 119– Compton, 57– HESS, 119– Hubble, 16, 281, 282, 317– MAGIC, 119– neutrino, 88, 106, 107– Wolter, 127– X-ray, 56, 127temperature, 219, 226, 389,399– average, 236– clusters, 284– cosmic microwavebackground, see cosmicmicrowave backgroundtemperature– critical, 249, 250– decoupling, 222, 233, 234– definition, 395– dependence, 214, 217, 220,226– deuterium production, 220,221– electron mass, 218– freeze-out, see freeze-outtemperature– freeze-out, neutron-toprotonratio, 217–219, 226,228– Hawking, 316– low, 277– map, 285– neutrino, 196, 219– photon, 199, 219, 231– recombination, 233, 328– relation to scale factor, 199– rise, 277– time dependence, 231– uniform, of the universe, 246tension, Planck, 325tensor– energy–momentum, 180– metric, 179ter Haar, D., 10TeV γ astronomy, 55textures, cosmic, 307theory– electroweak, 13, 311–field,see (quantum) fieldtheory– M, 33, 322– of relativity– – general, 5, 280, 314– – special, 5, 35, 331– string, 31, 332– superstring, 289Theory of Everything, 31, 290,294, 333thermal– bremsstrahlung, 125– distribution of velocities,202– equilibrium, 214–217, 222,394– – departure from, 202, 210– physics, 213, 214– X rays, 125thermodynamics, 193, 389– first law, 398thermonuclear– explosion, 130– reaction, 333Thomson scattering, 234Thomson, J. J., 3t’Hooft, G., 13three-body decay, 43threshold energy, 37time, 219– decoupling, 234– dilatation, 333– -like photon, 41– of inflation, 263– of last scattering, 239– Planck, 191, 192, 248, 325,403– recombination, 233, 234– -reversal invariance, 334Ting, S. C. C., 14TOE, see Theory of Everythingtoeofcosmicrays,82Tomasini, G., 9top quark, 15, 334top–down scenario, 282topological defect, 169, 249,334total energy, 252, 394, 399– density of the universe, 195,214, 219, 243, 245, 246– relativistic, 36total matter density, universe,275total reflection, X rays, 127t quark, see top quarktracking chamber, 113transformation– between neutrons andprotons, 213– CP,29– Galilei, 313– in the atmosphere, 143, 144– Lorentz,44, 45, 319transverse momentum, 144trigonometric functions, 382triple-alpha process, 334triplet (isospin), 30tritium, 213, 334– decay, 102true vacuum, 255, 280tuning (fine-) of parameters,221, 222, 289tunneling, 255, 256two-body decay, 41type-Ia supernova, 174, 186ultracold gas clouds, 272ultrapure crystal, 277ultraviolet astronomy, 109