Landslides in the Sydney Basin - Geoscience Australia

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Seismic Hazard in SydneyProceedings of the one day workshopEvidence for recent and continuing activity on faults of the northern LSC is also provided by theimpedance of Burralow Creek by the Burralow Fault, and by disequilibrium stream profiles whereeasterly flowing drainage crosses the LSC (Rawson 1990; Rawson and Clark, this volume). Anevolutionary model for the LSC is proposed which reconciles this evidence for late Cenozoic upliftacross the LSC and the observation that the Rickaby’s Creek Gravels overlie shale on theCumberland Plain and sandstone on the Lapstone Monocline. This model, while preliminary,suggests that the findings of a major seismic hazard assessment of the Sydney Basin which suggestsmagnitude M W 7.0 and greater earthquake events might be expected on the LSC on average every15-30 ka should be treated with caution. This expectation of regular recurrence must be temperedby the possibility that a large part of the relief relating to the complex may have formed in the lateMiocene (e.g. Sandiford et al. 2004), and evidence from other Australian intraplate faults suggestingthat large earthquake occurrence is markedly temporally clustered (e.g. Crone et al. 1997, 2003;Clark 2007; Clark et al., in press).ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThanks to John Pickett for a very constructive critique of the model presented herein. He and KerrieTomkins are also thanked for animated discussions related to the evolution of the LSC. Thismanuscript benefited from constructive reviews by Dr. Andrew McPherson and Dr Clive Collins.This paper is published with the permission of the Chief Executive Officer, Geoscience AustraliaREFERENCESABEL R.S. 1985. Geology of the Lake George Basin, N.S.W. Bureau of Mineral Resources,Geology and Geophysics Record 1985/4, 57p.AHMADI R., OUALI J., MERCIER E., MANSY J.-L., VAN-VLIET LANOE B., LAUNEAU P.,RHEKHISS F. AND RAFINI S. 2006. The geomorphologic responses to hinge migration inthe fault-related folds in the Southern Tunisian Atlas. Journal of Structural Geology 28, 721-728.ALLMENDINGER R. W. 1998. Inverse and forward numerical modelling of trishear faultpropagationfolds. Tectonics 17, 640-656.AUSTRALIAN OIL AND GAS CORPORATION LTD, 1966. Putty-Oakdale Seismic Survey, SectionA-B-C-D through Kurrajong Heights No. 1 Well, Map.BERRYMAN K., ET AL. [INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGICAL AND NUCLEAR SCIENCES LIMITED], 1999.Seismic hazard analysis, Lucas Heights, site of the high flux Australian reactor. AustralianNuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) report(http://www.ansto.gov.au/info/library/wnaugust2004.html), Call number: 621.039.583/16.BISHOP P., HUNT P. AND SCHMIDT P.W. 1982. Limits to the age of the Lapstone Monocline,N.S.W. - a palaeomagnetic study. Journal of the Geolical Society of Australia, 29, 319-326.BISHOP P. 1986: Horizontal stability of the Australian continental drainage divide in South CentralNew South Wales during the Cainozoic. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, 295-307.BRANAGAN D. F. AND PEDRAM H. 1990. The Lapstone Structural Complex, New South Wales.Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 37, 23-36.BRANAGAN D. F., 1969. The Lapstone Monocline and associated structures. Advances in theStudy of the Sydney Basin, 4th Symposium. Department of Geology, University ofNewcastle. pp. 61-62BRYAN J. H. 1966. Geology of the Sydney 1:250 000 sheet. Geological Survey of New SouthWales 1:250 000 Geological Series Explanatory Notes, 46 pp.CARNE J. E. 1908. Geology and mineral resources of the western coalfield. Memoir of theGeological Survey of New South Wales. 6.CHESNUT W. S. 1982. Notes on the occurrence of lateritic gravels (?Rickaby’s Creek Gravel) at theRAAF Base, Lapstone, NSW. Geological Survey of New South Wales Report GS 1980/473.43
Seismic Hazard in SydneyProceedings of the one day workshopCLARK D. 2007. Temporal clustering of surface ruptures on stable continental region faults: a casestudy from the Cadell Fault scarp, south eastern Australia. Proceedings of the AustralianEarthquake Engineering Society Conference, Wollongong, Australia, November 2007, pp17.CLARK D. J., CUPPER M., SANDIFORD M. AND KIERNAN K., in press, Style and timing of lateQuaternary faulting on the Lake Edgar Fault, southwest Tasmania, Australia: implications forhazard assessment in intracratonic areas. Geological Society of America Special Publication.COLWELL J. B., COFFIN M. F. AND SPENCER R. A. 1993. Structure of the southern New SouthWales continental margin, southeastern Australia. BMR Journal of Australian Geology andGeophysics 13, 333–343.CRONE A. J., DE MARTINI P. M., MACHETTE M. N., OKUMURA K., AND PRESCOTT J. R.2003. Paleoseismicity of aseismic Quaternary faults in Australia: Implications for faultbehaviour in stable continental regions. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93,1913-1934.CRONE A. J., MACHETTE M. N. AND BOWMAN J. R. 1997. Episodic nature of earthquakeactivity in stable continental regions revealed by palaeoseismicity studies of Australian andNorth American Quaternary faults. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, 203-214.DAHLSTROM C. D. A. 1990. Geometric constraints derived from the law of conservation of volumeand applied to evolutionary models for detachment folding. AAPG Bulletin 74, 336-344.DAVID T. W. E. 1896. Anniversary Address. Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales. 30,33-69.DAVID T. W. E. 1902. An important geological fault at Kurrajong Heights, N.S.W. Journal of theProceedings of the Royal Society of N.S.W. 36, 359-370.DICKINSON J. A., WALLACE M. W., HOLDGATE G. R., GALLAGHER S. J. and THOMAS L. 2002.Origin and timing of the Miocene-Pliocene unconformity in southeast Australia. Journal ofSedimentary Research 72, 288-303.HACK J. T. 1973. Stream-profile analysis and stream-gradient index. Journal of Research of theUnited States Geological Survey 1, 421-429.HENRY H. M. 1987. Mellong Plateau, central eastern New South Wales: an anomalous landform.Journal of the Proceedings of the Royal Society of N.S.W. 120, 117-134.HERBERT C. 1989. The Lapstone Monocline - Nepean Fault; a high angle reverse fault system. In:R.L. Boyd and K. Allen (eds). Proceedings of the Twenty Third Newcastle Symposium:Advances in the study of the Sydney Basin, Newcastle, NSW, 217-224.HILL K. C. AND RAZA A. 1999. Arc-continent collision in Papua New Guinea: constraints fromfission track thermochronology. Tectonics 18, 950-966.MAUGER A. J., CREASEY J. W. AND HUNTINGDON J. F. 1984. Extracts and notes on the Penrith1 : 100 000 sheet. CSIRO Division of Mineral Physics - Report for National Energy ResearchDevelopment and demonstration Program. Report 81/1357.COLLINS C.D.N. AND DHU, T, 2003. Atlas of isoseismal maps of Australian earthquakes 1841 -2003. Geoscience Australia Dataset, ANZCW0703006681.PICKETT J. W. AND BISHOP P. 1992. Aspects of landscape evolution in the Laptsone Monoclinearea, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, 21-28.PICKETT J. W. 1984. Pre-basalt topography on Mount Tomah, New South Wales. New South WalesGeological Survey Quarterly Notes 57, 22–27.PILLANS, B. 2003. Dating ferruginous regolith to determine seismic hazard at Lucas Heights,Sydney. In: Ian C. Roach, (Editor) Advances in Regolith: Proceedings of the CRC LEMERegional Regolith Symposia, 2003 CRC LEME, 324-327.PULFORD A. 1997. Cenozoic landscape evolution of the east Australian highlands: constraints fromMiocene basalts, Blue Mountains, N. S. W. Honours Thesis, Australian National University,Canberra (unpubl.).44
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