"JSPS External Review Report" was issued.(PDF File 1.22MB)

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Postwar reorganizationUnder government by the Allied Occupation, scientific research systems toowere reformed, with the The Scientific Advisory Group discussing thereorganization of the Imperial Academy, the The National Research Councilof Japan and the JSPS. In the case of the JSPS, the result was amemorandum to the Ministry of Education which suggested that: (1) theJSPS be positioned as a scientific promotion group of a private-sectornature; (2) the JSPS be placed in charge of those programs from among theduties of the Science Council of Japan which would be appropriately carriedout by a private group; and (3) that the structure and executive leadershipof the JSPS be reorganized to meet these objectives.Accordingly, JSPS organization and programs were completely reorganizedand government subsidies reduced, placing a greater weight onindustry-university cooperative research committees and commissionedresearch funded through donations.JSPS fellowship program for young Japanese scientists (ShoreiKenkyuin) and US- Japan Cooperative Science Program inaugurated.(a) JSPS fellowship program for young Japanese scientistsIn 1957, the JSPS submitted to Prime Minister Tanzan Ishibashi a list ofdemands entitled “Establishment of a Basis Scientific Research System” asone policy for promoting basic science in Japan. In the report, the JSPSrequested that to establish research mechanisms for Japanese basic scienceand promote this, the government should immediately begin studies andconsiderations on five key points, and work with the Science Council ofJapan to design appropriate solutions. One of the five key points was theintroduction of grants for research visit.In response, the Ministry of Education included in its 1959 budgetsubmission funding for research visit and research fellowships for youngJapanese scientists as new JSPS programs, and this funding was dulygranted. As a result, the JSPS again took up a role in promoting Japanesescience, with more than half its income deriving from government subsidies.The Grants for Research Visit Program defrayed the travel costs and wage105
losses of researchers participating in joint research which required anumber of researchers to gather long-term in a particular research instituteto engage in research. The research fellowship program provided grants tostudents/researchers for their doctoral and postdoctoral works so that theycould concentrate on their research without worrying about living costs atthat point in time when their research activities were the most vigorous,and equated with the post-doctoral fellowships offered by other countries.The JSPS grants for foreign researchers to visit Japan also commenced in1959 (reorganized in 1973 as Invitation of Foreign Scientists Program).Recognizing the urgency of international research ties and cooperation,government subsidies were provided to foreign researchers to allow them toparticipate and cooperate in joint research in Japan as a means ofpromoting research progress in respective areas, as well as of effectivelypromoting international scientific exchange.(b) US-Japan Cooperative Science Program and US-Japan CooperativeEducation and Culture ProgramOn June 26, 1961, a joint communiqué was issued based on talks betweenJapanese Prime Minister Hayato Ikeda and US President JF Kennedy. Thecommuniqué noted that leaders had agreed to establish a committee toconsider culture- and education-related cooperation between the US andJapan, as well as a committee to study means of promoting scientificcooperation. Based on this agreement, consultations were held between thetwo governments (in the case of the latter, between Ministry of ForeignAffairs and the Ministry of Education from the Japanese side, and theDepartment of State and the National Science Foundation from the US side),with modes and methods of program implementation gradually emerging.As a result, the US-Japan Committee on Scientific Cooperation wasestablished, meeting for the first time in Tokyo in December 1961, and thenin Washington DC in May 1962. Seven joint panels were set up throughthese meetings, with the Ministry of Education given jurisdiction over fiveand the JSPS designated as the primary agent for implementation. Thiskind of international cooperation was a first for both the JSPS and the USNational Science Foundation, and became a model for subsequent bilateralscience exchange.106
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Japan Society forthe Promotion of S
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December 20, 2002From: Hiroo Imura,
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Japan Society for the Promotion of
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After the meeting, the committee ch
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natural sciences and engineering.Th
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lic understanding of science.The sc
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To support "elite” researchers is
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External Review Report1. JSPS's Bas
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3. Overview of JSPS and Its Program
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Future issues related to JSPS’s o
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Finding promising young researchers
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Flexible use of research fundsGener
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ences, or publishing books in field
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and corporations to exchange inform
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Problems associated with elite rese
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(3) Research Fellowship for Young S
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6. JSPS's International Exchange Pr
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Third, regarding JSPS’s bilateral
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process of peer-reviewed proposals.
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8. Expectations in JSPSJSPS has ove
Page 45 and 46: Review Committee MembersProfessor S
Page 47 and 48: Professor Sir Michael John Berridge
Page 49 and 50: Professor Erling NorrbySecretary Ge
Page 51 and 52: Dr. Akito ArimaMember of the House
Page 53 and 54: Professor Hiroyuki ToriiEditorial W
Page 55 and 56: External Review of JSPS ProgramsRev
Page 57 and 58: Development of International exchan
Page 59 and 60: List of AcronymsCOECRESTDCFYIAIIRCP
Page 61 and 62: R&D expenditure by sector (amount u
Page 63 and 64: yen)- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific
Page 65 and 66: (2) University research activitiesT
Page 67 and 68: councils (faculty meetings, senate,
Page 69 and 70: Research System at UniversitiesThe
Page 71 and 72: themselves (private universities) i
Page 73 and 74: technology (34.3 billion yen drawn
Page 75 and 76: establishing Japan in second place
Page 77 and 78: variety of fields, as central stron
Page 79 and 80: investment, around 17 trillion yen
Page 81 and 82: expansion of recruitment system bas
Page 83 and 84: - Development of intellectual found
Page 85 and 86: closure of universities.(b) Organiz
Page 87 and 88: technology funding requests were th
Page 89 and 90: SpecialCoordinationFunds forPromoti
Page 91 and 92: transparency and introduction of se
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Page 95: promote scientific research as a wa
Page 99 and 100: The bill was passed by both the Hou
Page 101 and 102: Science Program launched in 1963, b
Page 103 and 104: a nation which had gone from underd
Page 105 and 106: program. In FY1979, however, a prog
Page 107 and 108: provide advice and/or academic expe
Page 109 and 110: one director general, up to three d
Page 111 and 112: Advisory Council Senior Academic A
Page 113 and 114: Liaison Offices.In reflection of th
Page 115 and 116: the following March, with the budge
Page 117 and 118: JSPS organization and mechanisms ne
Page 119 and 120: part of his administrative reform c
Page 121 and 122: Chapter III. Research Grants(1) Gra
Page 123 and 124: applications, and has also conducte
Page 125 and 126: of total research costs which can b
Page 127 and 128: The major difference between this c
Page 129 and 130: groups and have already proved prac
Page 131 and 132: CategoriesScientific Research(S)Aid
Page 133 and 134: means that only researchers at rese
Page 135 and 136: Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Resear
Page 137 and 138: Grants-in-Aid Organizational ChartJ
Page 139 and 140: discipline and related disciplines
Page 141 and 142: organization’s inception, and has
Page 143 and 144: a key technique in non-destructive
Page 145 and 146: students who have passed a review b
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This program sought to improve and
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up posts at Japanese universities a
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suggests that in addition to foster
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West Germany and France”, as a co
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(ii) Persons wishing to become full
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to April 1 of the year in which the
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each discipline. In the case of PD
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of both the applicant (host researc
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Royal Society (RS)UKBritish Academy
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Chapter V. International Scientific
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In addition, in FY2000, the JSPS in
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evaluated highly.(c) Joint Seminars
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* Purpose and Outline of the Progra
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esearchers to leading scientists an
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External Review of JSPS ProgramsSta
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New and Continued ProjectsCategoryS
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New and Continued ProjectsCategoryN
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FY2000As of April 1, 2000PD DC Tota
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Postdoctoral Fellowship for Researc
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Postdoctoral Fellowships for Foreig
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V. International Scientific Exchang
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Region Country 1991 1996 2000 2001R
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Number of Fellowships by CountryReg
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JSPS Award for Eminent ScientistsFY
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Chapter II. Overview of the Japan S
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Chapter III. Research Grants(1) Cha
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Chapter IV. Fostering Researchers(1
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accordance with the number of fello
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"JSPS External Review Report" was issued.(PDF File 1.22MB)

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