ISSUE 183 : Nov/Dec - 2010 - Australian Defence Force Journal

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CO 1RSU (1994), CO 3CRU (2001-03) and OC 41WG (2004-08). His staff appointments includeOperations Manager AEW&C acquisition project (Project Wedgetail) 1997-2001. He hasparticipated in a number of homeland defence operations, including providing security for theMelbourne Commonwealth Games. During 2007/08, he deployed three times to Afghanistan,heading air worthiness accreditation teams. He commenced as Director General Joint CapabilityCoordination in January 2010. He has a Graduate Diploma in Management Studies, a Mastersof Arts (strategic studies) and an MBA. In 1997, he published ‘The Future Is Not What It UsedTo Be’, as part of a Chief of Air Force fellowship.NOTES1. This is an abridged version of a paper submitted while attending the Centre for Defence andStrategic Studies, Canberra, in 2009.2. Joan Johnson-Freese, Heavenly Ambitions—America’s Quest to Dominate Space, Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009, pp. 1-3.3. Richard H. Buenneky, ‘Protection of Critical Infrastructure’, presentation to the UN Instituteof Disarmament Research Conference on ‘Space Security 2009: Moving towards a Safer SpaceEnvironment’, Geneva, Switzerland, 16 June 2009.4. Johnson-Freese, Heavenly Ambitions, p. 16.5. National Security Space Institute, Space News, ‘Satellite collision not to “delay” China’s spaceprogramme’, Colorado Springs, 20 February 2009: see 6. This is evidenced by global moves to introduce codes of conducts, treaties and similar. See LaurenceNardon, ‘Space Security: Europe Takes the Lead’, Institut Francais des Relations Internationales, Paris,2009, and Jessica West, ‘Reaching Out – New approaches to security in space’, The PloughsharesMonitor, Spring 2009, pp. 6-8.7. James Clay Moltz, The Politics of Space Security – Strategic Restraint and the Pursuit of NationalInterests, California: Stanford Security Studies, 2008, p. 11.8. These are described in Johnson-Freese, Heavenly Ambitions, pp. 37-9.9. Brett Biddington, Skin in the Game: realising Australia’s national interests in space to 2025, Canberra:Kokoda Foundation, 2008, p. 47.10. Johnson-Freese, Heavenly Ambitions, pp. 1-7.11. Johnson-Freese, Heavenly Ambitions, pp. 10-1.12. David Steele, ‘The Weaponisation of Space: Next Arms Race?’, Canberra, Centre for Defence andStrategic Studies, Australian Defence College (Shedden Paper), 2007, p. 6.13. Johnson-Freese, Heavenly Ambitions, p. 39.14. Desmond Ball, ‘Assessing China’s ASAT Program’, Austral Special Report 07-14S, Melbourne: RMITUniversity, 14 June 2007, pp. 6-7.15. Ball, ‘Assessing China’s ASAT Program’, pp. 1-3.16. T. Allard, ‘Battle Lines in the Final Frontier’, Sydney Morning Herald, 25 April 2008, p. 31 asreferenced in The Senate Standing Committee on Economics, ‘Lost in Space: setting a new directionfor Australia’s space science and industry sector’, Canberra, Commonwealth of Australia, 2008, p.19.In addition to ASATs, which currently target specific space vehicles, non-specific attacks by crudeweapons have the potential to deny orbits in space for a very long time by creating chain reactionsof debris clouds.17. Department of Defence, submission to Senate Standing Committee on Economics Inquiry into ‘theCurrent State of Australia’s Space Science and Industry’, 2008, p. 2.12
18. Graeme Hooper as quoted in ‘Lost in Space’, p. 13.19. A good example of this can be found in the Defence Capability Plan. More and more equipment isbeing introduced into service with the ADF that is dependent on space capabilities.20. Wade L. Huntley, ‘Smaller State Perspective on the Future of Space Governance,’ Astropolitics, Vol. 5,No. 3, September 2007, p. 253, and Ball, ‘Assessing China’s ASAT Program’, p. 6.21. There are several other methods of attacking in space, including lasers and radio frequency weapons.Discussion of these is beyond the scope of this paper but are well covered in several references inthe bibliography, including Ball, ‘Assessing China’s ASAT Program’, pp. 2-3.22. Senator Grant Chapman, Space: a priority for Australia, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, 2005,p. 1.23. Chapman, Space: a priority for Australia, p. 3.24. ‘Lost in Space’, p. 67.25. Kevin Rudd, ‘The First National Security Statement to the Australian Parliament’, 4 December 2008.26. ABC Radio National, ‘Future Tense – the Space Boffins have a Plan’, 12 November 2009, p. 3: see accessed 19 November 2009.27. Defence White Paper, Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030, Canberra:Commonwealth of Australia, 2009, p. 85.28. Defence White Paper, p. 85.29. Helen Buchanan and Katrina Edwards (eds.), Woomera: the first fifty years – 1947-1997, Woomera:Woomera Board, 1997, p. 18.30. Biddington, Skin in the Game, p. 6.31. Defence submission to ‘Lost in Space’, pp. 1-2.32. Department of Industry, Innovation, Science and Research website: see ,accessed 2 November 2009.33. Defence White Paper, p. 93.34. For coverage of US space policy history, see Moltz, The Politics of Space Security.35. Johnson-Freese, Heavenly Ambitions, pp. 1-3.36. Moltz, The Politics of Space Security, pp. 86-301.37. James Clay Moltz, ‘The Past, Present, and Future of Space Security’, Brown Journal of World Affairs,2007, Vol. 14, No. 1. p. 191.38. During his election campaign, President Obama suggested a code of conduct for space activities. See‘Presidential Candidates Respond to Seven Key National Security Questions’, Council for a LiveableWorld, 16 August 2007, as cited in Nardon, ‘Space Security: Europe Takes the Lead’, p. 9.39. Johnson-Freese, Heavenly Ambitions, pp. 32-3 and Moltz, ‘The Past, Present and Future of SpaceSecurity,’ p. 193.40. Johnson-Freese, Heavenly Ambitions, p. 10.41. Since this article was written, the US has issued a revised National Space Policy that includes achange of focus in the US position, particularly around developing international ‘rules of the road’(especially from an arms control perspective, but also regarding debris mitigation), the commitmentby the US to maintaining a leadership position in all respects (rules, technology, industry etc) andits emphasis on international cooperation: see accessed 10 September 2010.42. China has achieved much in the space domain over the past decade. China has a comprehensivespace infrastructure that includes a space research, development and manufacturing base; aground support segment; various launch vehicles and satellites; an inhabited space program; and acommercial space industry. See Ashley J. Tellis, ‘China’s Space Capabilities and their Impact on US13
Page 1 and 2: Australian Defence ForceCONTENTSISS
Page 3 and 4: Securing Space: Australia’s urgen
Page 5 and 6: Australia’s space security policy
Page 7 and 8: ChinaChina is the major space power
Page 9 and 10: Domestic considerationsThe argument
Page 11: An Australian space security policy
Page 15 and 16: BIBLIOGRAPHYBall, Desmond, ‘Asses
Page 17 and 18: Pakistan-US bilateral relations: a
Page 19 and 20: Bhutto, it was his unyielding stanc
Page 21 and 22: Unfortunately, there is little the
Page 23 and 24: negative than positive. The one pos
Page 25 and 26: NOTES1. ‘Floods caused losses wor
Page 27 and 28: The Difficulties in Predicting Futu
Page 29 and 30: main attack into Western Europe thr
Page 31 and 32: In order to more accurately predict
Page 33 and 34: BIBLIOGRAPHYBoot, Max, War Made New
Page 35 and 36: for the parachute capability to be
Page 37 and 38: Redundancy of platforms is importan
Page 39 and 40: The option of employing both C-17 a
Page 41 and 42: parachute insertions, the psycholog
Page 43 and 44: NOTES1. Air Chief Marshal Angus Hou
Page 45 and 46: Colin East goes to SESKOAD - in ‘
Page 47 and 48: He was the top graduate of the Aust
Page 49 and 50: support, it is not surprising that
Page 51 and 52: East was an assiduous letter writer
Page 53 and 54: East brought 4RAR back to Australia
Page 55 and 56: 23. East diary, 21 December 1964.24
Page 57 and 58: • to promote partnerships among c
Page 59 and 60: theatres. In its 2006 Quadrennial D
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The longer-term vision for NATO SOF
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25. NATO, ‘Allied Joint Doctrine
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Peacekeepers: Athena’s championsC
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Mobs as adversariesMobs do not fit
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• There is always the presence of
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policies and customs may serve as g
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Higher on the continuum would come
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Managing Global Supply ChainsWing C
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Many OEMs of commercial equipment a
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Similarly, the initial and ongoing
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providers or host nation support. T
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22. UK Ministry of Defence, ‘The
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Sustainable Defence Capability: Aus
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The major strategic risk is resourc
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This provides a national opportunit
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The drive towards sustainability by
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NOTES1. Commonwealth of Australia,
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Book reviewsTales of War: great sto
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Some of Kainikara’s proposals cou
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CounterinsurgencyDavid KilcullenCar
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and political level against an incr
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Religion, Conflict and Military Int
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Challinger’s explanations are sup
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destroyed in airborne operations in
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How Wars EndDan ReiterNew Jersey, U
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ISSUE 183 : Nov/Dec - 2010 - Australian Defence Force Journal

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