ISSUE 183 : Nov/Dec - 2010 - Australian Defence Force Journal

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Chairman’s commentsWelcome to Australian Defence Force Journal Issue No. 183.We conclude the year with a range of articles addressing contemporary military and geostrategicissues, with contributors from Australia, New Zealand and the US. They includethe lead article by Air Commodore Chris Westwood on ‘Securing Space’, Dr Claude Rakisits’informed perspective on ‘Pakistan-US Bilateral Relations’ and Lieutenant Colonel Ian Langford’sarticle on ‘NATO Special Operations’. Ian Wallace, formerly of the New Zealand Army, providesan interesting analysis of ‘The Difficulties in Predicting Future Warfare’ and Wing CommanderNeil Collie, in ‘Managing Global Supply Chains’, argues the need for improved management ofglobal fleet support arrangements.We also have an interesting historical perspective on the first Australian officer to attend theIndonesian Army’s Command and Staff College by retired Lieutenant Colonel Bob Lowry, anarticle on defence industry by Ben White of the Australian Business Defence Industry Unit,and an insightful article on peacekeeping by retired Commander ‘Sid’ Heal, formerly of the LosAngeles Sheriff ’s Department. I am pleased to advise that the $500 prize for best article inthis issue has gone to Major Giles Cornelia for his article on ‘ADF Joint Entry Operations: whyconventional airborne forces are fundamental’.As usual, we also have a selection of book reviews of material published in recent months.We typically receive more reviews than we can readily publish in each issue, so in future wewill be deferring some to the on-line version of the Journal, with only a referenced mention inthe printed version. However, we remain keen to hear from readers wishing to join the list ofreviewers. If you are interested, please provide your contact details and subject area/specialityto the Editor at publications@defence.adc.edu.auWe foreshadowed in earlier issues that we are planning to theme our first issue next year on‘the ADF command and leadership experience over the last 20 years’. If you are interestedin contributing—and we are looking for ‘personal vignettes’ of 1500-2500 words, with noendnotes or bibliography, to be submitted by mid-January 2011—I would encourage you tocontact the Editor for further details.I hope you enjoy this final edition for 2010.James GoldrickRear Admiral, RANCommander, Australian Defence CollegeChairman of the Australian Defence Force Journal Board2
Securing Space: Australia’s urgent security policychallenge for the 21st century 1Air Commodore Chris Westwood, RAAFIntroductionIn 1963, there was one geosynchronous satellite in space, being used to examine the feasibilityof establishing a worldwide communications network. Today, there are over 800, controlledby dozens of public and private operators in more than 50 countries, 2 all contributing to theestimated US$123bn worth of satellite industry annual revenues. 3Australia, along with most developed nations, is becoming increasingly dependent on a rangeof space-based systems, a dependence which has evolved on the assumption that space is asecure domain. In reality, space is an incredibly fragile and insecure environment. The US,Russia and China all have the demonstrated capability to destroy space vehicles using groundlaunchedanti-satellite missiles (ASATs). 4 Also, in February 2009, the first major collisionbetween satellites occurred when a Russian communications satellite accidentally collidedwith a US-owned satellite, causing a debris cloud of over 1800 trackable fragments, whichjoined the 14,000 or so satellites, discarded rocket parts, and detectable debris and spacematter already littering space. 5While there has been very little effort in Australia to ensure that its space interests are secure,many other nations have acknowledged this vulnerability and are now investigating options tosecure space. 6 This is a very complex challenge. There is no global consensus regarding how tosecure space, with various nations considering options such as treaties, codes of conduct andeven weaponising space. This paper proposes a national-level policy to establish a foundationfor securing Australia’s future space activities.‘Space security’ definedJames Clay Moltz defines space security as ‘the ability to place and operate assets outside theEarth’s atmosphere without external interference, damage or destruction’. 7 During the ColdWar, when the US and Soviet Union were the only significant players in the space domain, aseries of agreements and treaties were initiated that formed what is often referred to as ‘therules of the road’ for space activities. 8 As these nations developed their individual capabilities,they also developed a realisation that there were substantial mutual benefits in a stable andsecure space environment. 9Even though these rules have become less relevant over the past decade, partially as a resultof reduced Russian influence and an increase in new players, space has remained a relativelysecure domain. While there is no doubt the US will remain the most advanced and influentialspace nation for the foreseeable future—in terms of assets in space, technological statusand overall investment 10 —there is some significant risk that the overall security of spaceis changing as newcomers with different national interests and technical abilities developrudimentary space capabilities, without necessarily the same ‘rules of the road’ to govern theiractivities and behaviour.3
Page 1: Australian Defence ForceCONTENTSISS
Page 5 and 6: Australia’s space security policy
Page 7 and 8: ChinaChina is the major space power
Page 9 and 10: Domestic considerationsThe argument
Page 11 and 12: An Australian space security policy
Page 13 and 14: 18. Graeme Hooper as quoted in ‘L
Page 15 and 16: BIBLIOGRAPHYBall, Desmond, ‘Asses
Page 17 and 18: Pakistan-US bilateral relations: a
Page 19 and 20: Bhutto, it was his unyielding stanc
Page 21 and 22: Unfortunately, there is little the
Page 23 and 24: negative than positive. The one pos
Page 25 and 26: NOTES1. ‘Floods caused losses wor
Page 27 and 28: The Difficulties in Predicting Futu
Page 29 and 30: main attack into Western Europe thr
Page 31 and 32: In order to more accurately predict
Page 33 and 34: BIBLIOGRAPHYBoot, Max, War Made New
Page 35 and 36: for the parachute capability to be
Page 37 and 38: Redundancy of platforms is importan
Page 39 and 40: The option of employing both C-17 a
Page 41 and 42: parachute insertions, the psycholog
Page 43 and 44: NOTES1. Air Chief Marshal Angus Hou
Page 45 and 46: Colin East goes to SESKOAD - in ‘
Page 47 and 48: He was the top graduate of the Aust
Page 49 and 50: support, it is not surprising that
Page 51 and 52: East was an assiduous letter writer
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East brought 4RAR back to Australia
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23. East diary, 21 December 1964.24
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• to promote partnerships among c
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theatres. In its 2006 Quadrennial D
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SOF by their nature are suited to m
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The longer-term vision for NATO SOF
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25. NATO, ‘Allied Joint Doctrine
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Peacekeepers: Athena’s championsC
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Mobs as adversariesMobs do not fit
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• There is always the presence of
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policies and customs may serve as g
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Higher on the continuum would come
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Managing Global Supply ChainsWing C
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Many OEMs of commercial equipment a
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Similarly, the initial and ongoing
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providers or host nation support. T
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22. UK Ministry of Defence, ‘The
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Sustainable Defence Capability: Aus
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The major strategic risk is resourc
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This provides a national opportunit
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The drive towards sustainability by
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NOTES1. Commonwealth of Australia,
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Book reviewsTales of War: great sto
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Some of Kainikara’s proposals cou
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CounterinsurgencyDavid KilcullenCar
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and political level against an incr
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Religion, Conflict and Military Int
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Challinger’s explanations are sup
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destroyed in airborne operations in
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How Wars EndDan ReiterNew Jersey, U
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ISSUE 183 : Nov/Dec - 2010 - Australian Defence Force Journal

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