NOTES1. East gave his diary for 1963-64, and related papers, to the author shortly before he died. They willbe deposited with the ADFA Library but the diary will not be available for public access for severalyears.2. Cablegram <strong>Australian</strong> Embassy Jakarta to Department of External Affairs (DEA), 16 March 1960.National Australia Archive (NAA) Series A<strong>183</strong>8 (<strong>183</strong>8/280), Control 3034/10/1, Part 10.3. East Diary, 16 <strong>Dec</strong>ember 1963.4. Cablegrams from <strong>Australian</strong> Embassy Jakarta to DEA, 24 and 31 January 1963. NAA Series A<strong>183</strong>8(A<strong>183</strong>8/280), Control 3034/10/1, Part 12.5. Letter Townley to Nasution dated 18 June 1962. NAA Series A<strong>183</strong>8 (A<strong>183</strong>8/280), Control 3034/10/1,Part 11. Major Noel Graham also attended a one year field grade officer advanced course at theInfantry Centre from July 1963.6. Cablegram DEA to London and Kuala Lumpur, copied to Jakarta, after media coverage of East’spresence at SESKOAD in January 1964.7. For details of his career, see East’s obituary in <strong>Journal</strong> of the Royal United Service Institute of NSW,Vol. 52, No. 2, 2000.8. East had been promoted Temporary Major in Japan but on return from the UK had to revert to hissubstantive rank of Captain. He was promoted again in Korea at the Battle School.9. Letter Mogg to Brigadier F.G. Hassett, Military Secretary, Army Headquaters, Melbourne, 12 February1960.10. The national defence college (LEMHANNAS) took this function from 1965.11. East did not record the topic of his military essay.12. Major General H. Sudirman, Commandant of SESKOAD from January 1962 to June 1966. Accordingto East he was a ‘lonely and very shy’ figure and a devout Muslim who tried to live on his officialsalary, which was impossible. East recalled dropping by his house on one occasion and finding hiswife in tears because she could not make ends meet, with her social obligations of entertainingpeople, and the salary he got.13. Herbert Feith, The <strong>Dec</strong>line of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia, Ithaca: Cornel UniversityPress, 1962, p. 130.14. Soehirno (ed.), Buku Kenang-Kenangan Alumni KMA Breda, Yayasan Wira Bhakti, Jakarta, 1997, p. 82.15. For details on Australia’s contribution to ‘Confrontation’, see Peter Edwards and Greg Pemberton,Crises and Commitments, North Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1992.16. Cablegram DEA to <strong>Australian</strong> High Commissions in Britain and Malaysia of 8 January 1964. NAASeries A<strong>183</strong>8 (A<strong>183</strong>8/280) 3034/10/1, Part 18.17. East diary, 23 February 1964. While it is obvious that foreign students derive basic intelligenceabout the country and armed forces of their host country, they have no access to classified plansor sensitive locations and any advantage accrued is reciprocal and useful whether the host is friendor foe.18. East diary, 16-21 February 1964.19. Jasin had played a leading role in defeating the revolt in Aceh and was awaiting a posting to Moscowas military attaché. He was eventually promoted lieutenant general but was sidelined by Suharto inthe mid-1970s.20. Bruce Grant, Indonesia, London: Melbourne University Press, 1964. Shann distributed more than 30copies to various ministers and opinion makers.21. The political leader of the revolt, Kahar Muzakar, was killed in February 1965.22. East diary, 4 <strong>Dec</strong>ember 1964.54
23. East diary, 21 <strong>Dec</strong>ember 1964.24. Michael Boyle, ‘Policy-Making and Pragmatism: Australia’s Management of Security Cooperationwith Indonesia during the New Order Period’, PhD Thesis submitted to the University of NSW, 2002,p. 96.25. None of the letters was retained.26. Australia did not favour his appointment because he had been a mischief-maker when ambassador toMalayasia, so Major General Kosasih replaced Suadi in <strong>Dec</strong>ember 1964. NAA Series <strong>183</strong>8 (<strong>183</strong>8/280)Control 3034/10/1, Part 22. In a varied career, Djatikusumo had also briefly been Army Chief ofStaff, commandant of the staff college, a minister in several governments and a member of thepresidential advisory body.27. East diary, 18 <strong>Dec</strong>ember 1964.28. Undated but in response to an information request of 5 July 1965 from the DMI.29. Abdul Harris Nasution, Fundamentals of Guerilla Warfare, Jakarta: Indonesian Army InformationService, 1953, p. 9.30. ‘Aboriginal Army Plan for North’, The <strong>Australian</strong>, 31 August 1965.31. ‘The Aboriginal and <strong>Defence</strong>’, <strong>Australian</strong> Army <strong>Journal</strong>, July 1965 and Question without Notice in theSenate on 31 August 1965.32. Indonesia suffered 590 killed, 222 wounded and 771 captured. Commonwealth forces suffered114 killed and 181 wounded.33. His service in fostering Australia-Indonesia relations was recognised by a Certificate of Appreciation(No. 004/Konjen/1981) awarded to him by Indonesia’s Consul General in Sydney on 17 August 1981.34. East diary 15 January 1964.55
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Australian Defence ForceCONTENTSISS
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Religion, Conflict and Military Int
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Challinger’s explanations are sup
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destroyed in airborne operations in
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How Wars EndDan ReiterNew Jersey, U